tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43271591519250388962024-03-12T17:29:54.376-07:00Top college admission essaysGood College Application EssaysJeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-61577098134947848562020-09-03T01:21:00.001-07:002020-09-03T01:21:06.871-07:00Essay about a movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsAbout a film - Essay Example Her family anticipates that her should wed a Greek man and bring up youngsters. His dad is over-disparaging, as per Toula, as he won't let her seek after further instruction in a PC foundation. She figures out how to accomplish it with the assistance of her mom and inevitably takes up an office occupation and quits working at her family café. Toulaa, played by Nia Vardolas, experiences ocean change as far as her looks, preparing and design meanwhile. Simultaneously, she begins to look all starry eyed at a youthful Anglo-Saxon Protestant, Ian Miller, who is a teacher, played by John Corbett. Toulaââ¬â¢s male centric Greek family, particularly her oppressive dad, decline to acknowledge their relationship and Ian consents to be purified through water as a Greek Orthodox Christian, which wins the familyââ¬â¢s endorsement. The families get presented and the couple get hitched in the long run. The film is a depiction of ethnic-personality, sentiment and association between societies. For instance, while nearly everybody in Toulaââ¬â¢s enormous more distant family meddles in wedding arranging, Ian is shocked at simply the size of her family and the quantity of cousins she has. Particularly when the two families meet up and interface, the distinctions are progressively apparent. For example, Ianââ¬â¢s family unit is shocked to see that everyone from Toulaââ¬â¢s more distant family being available at the presentation and make it a major gathering. The film was fascinating to watch and it was wonderful and interesting. It was additionally astute into between social relationships. The scope of characters and their immeasurably various attributes made the film an incredible Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-21532558219575526852020-08-22T17:41:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:41:13.192-07:00Animal Farm as a Fable Essay -- Animal FarmAnimal Farm as a Fable   Customary tales are good stories that normally include creatures. Aesop's Fables, which are presumably the most notable, enlighten stories concerning creatures that have obviously human qualities, similar to the smooth operator, the patient crow and the narrow minded pooch. Since Aesop's accounts have been told for more than 2,500 years, they are obviously a structure appropriate to telling a well known fact in a manner that is open to youngsters and noteworthy for grown-ups. Recorded as a hard copy Animal Farm, Orwell needed to communicate a specific arrangement of thoughts regarding upsets - thoughts that he thought were pretty much general. The achievement of the book since its distribution would appear to show that he had the correct thought.   The plot of Animal Farm is plainly founded on the occasions of the Russian Revolution. Old Major's thoughts regarding animalism relate to those of Karl Marx, and the manner by which they are made up and placed into move speaks to the exercises of Leon Trotsky (Snowball) and a mix of Lenin and Stalin (Napoleon). The erratic idea of the insubordination intently matches the sharp reaction to occasions that got the Bolsheviks to control 1917, and the historical backdrop of the homestead generally follows occasions in European history up to the Second World War. The way that we are as yet perusing Animal Farm long after these occasions have gone into history again proposes something of Orwell's accomplishment.   The tale position permitted Orwell to lessen muddled occasions to a level that nearly anybody could comprehend - the operations of the Russian Politburo or of the NKVD (the mystery police) are mind boggling matters however the account of Squealer and Napoleon's prepared mutts is considerably more open. Additionally, the lives an... ...for example, when he talks about Squealer, who had untouchably been missing during the battling. Again, youthful perusers are probably going to appreciate this sort of explanation where the genuine significance is just somewhat beneath the surface.   Tales are intended to have a good, and the lesson of Animal Farm is that all insurgencies flop at long last. Orwell could have composed a long paper communicating such thoughts yet it is suspicious that numerous individuals would now understand it. The accomplishment of Animal Farm is that it tells the dismal story of a gathering of animals we care about, and how their deepest desires were run. Past the surface story, in any case, is the message that for normal individuals unrests basically transform one lot of rulers for another. It is a discouraging message yet individuals are set up to hear it out on the grounds that it is told in a straightforward and engaging manner like all the best tales. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-15308642975363105682020-08-21T15:23:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:23:25.514-07:00Dear Manny and Jennifer Free EssaysGreat day! Before whatever else, my dad and I might want to offer our most profound thanks to both of you with respect to the land properties data in Phuket, Thailand. Your proposals were firmly thought of and in the wake of reasoning things completely, my dad showed that he might want to purchase a lodging that is completely settled and is right now in business. Another chance would be an inn that is totally raised and would be in full activity in a couple monthsââ¬â¢ time. We will compose a custom article test on Dear Manny and Jennifer or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now My dad chose this as he is worried that it would be troublesome on the off chance that he purchased a property that isn't yet settled since he has next to no information about Thailandââ¬â¢s land laws and guidelines. He likewise comprehends the difficulty of managing the inn in Phuket while he is in Hong Kong thus he accepts this is the most ideal approach to do it. My dad is likewise pondering about the expense of these properties. Is it conceivable that the costs be sent with the goal that he can choose better? I might want to guarantee both of you that he isn't racing to purchase a property, so kindly don't stress. He is really hanging tight for the best one in the market, and, whenever the open door comes, you can be certain that he will get it immediately. Once more, thank you such a great amount for your assistance. Your endeavors are significantly refreshing. Without both of you, we would not have had the option to glance in to this. We would like to get notification from soon. Truly Instructions to refer to Dear Manny and Jennifer, Papers Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-57309349337257525872020-06-06T15:37:00.001-07:002020-06-06T15:37:04.347-07:00The Financial Performance Of Banks In Pakistan Finance Essay - Free Essay Example Pakistan is included in the countries that are heavily affected by each other, and any sort of chaos of any scale would surely harm Pakistans economy. A country like Pakistan that is already fighting for high food and fuel prices could pay horrible cost of global financial crisis. Pakistans economy is dealing with most horrible sort of macroeconomic discrepancies and surely need financing. Pakistans financial development has slowed down and the flow of those financial crisis perhaps or might not strike with similar amount or strictness as those financial are doing to the urbanized world, but still there are a range of sources through which the crisis may harm Pakistans economy. The areas which are affected through these financial crisis such as United States of America Europe, grasp a primary worth for Pakistans financials. The monetary chaos is expected to influence Japan, Europe and North American countries with occupied strength. Pakistans outer division encompasses foreign investment, trade, transmittals and resources are interlinked with above economies. All these pointers of exterior sector have more than 50 per cent of the stake in this region. Fifty percent of foreign business of Pakistan is reliant on above mentioned countries. A country surely hit by bad financial conditions if foreign investment declines significantly, the demand for its exports drops and the conditions of doing business changes. Our country has a sort of inflexible trade in composition in such conditions if exports face any catastrophe, than current account shortfall will surely run farther than the bearable restrictions. The major area of the economy of any country is its financial sector, in recent times financial sector has received renewed focus in the world. And within the broad domain of the financial sector, it is the banking industry that has been the center of attraction for the government and policymakers, particularly in the landscape of the Universal Banking Model. In most sensitive businesses banking is also included. In any economy banks are very vital for its development and Pakistan is also included among those countries. Banks doesnt only play the role of guardian of assets but also operate as chief monetary mediator of any economy. Banking division controls numerous but incorporated monetary activities which may include enlistment of wealth , compilation and allocation of community business. Pakistans monetary division consists of listed Banks which comprises public sector, overseas and personal banks. Non-banking monetary Institutions comprise of home finance corporation, modarabas, Development Finance organizations, Investment Banks and leasing companies. Financial division of Pakistan is facing a complete however difficult agonizing procedure of reforms since 1997. The aim behind is to make banking sector monetarily strong and copy their associations with genuine division intended for endorsement of Investment, savings and growth. An absolute rotation in banking sector presentation isnt predictable until the conclusion of restructuring. The roughly concurrent scenery of a variety of issues makes it hard to separate symbols of development worsening. Pakistans Banking Division After witnessing a strapping growth till 2008, banking industry started presenting symbols of decelerate, as assets, investment, deposits and profitability of banking sector is on decline whereas market risk, advances, credit risk and interest risk are broaden. As per the evaluation of the State Bank of Pakistans periodical Performance evaluation of the Banking System, because of worsening macroeconomic conditions the performance of the banking structure on asset class profits has somewhat reduced. Banking sector deposit section observed a major turn down of Rs 124 billion throughout the third section of 2008. So, the allocation of deposits in the whole financial support construction reduced to 73.8 percent from 76 percent in last quarter. State bank discovered that productivity of banking structure remained firm throughout the quarter although return pointer shows somewhat decline due to advanced provisioning and working expenditures. In general Pakistani banking division h as not been as flat to exterior distresses as it happened with banks in Europe. Liquidity is tense but it has small concern about Global Financial Crisis and further concern with profound government borrowing from banking division. Several banks have established outstanding record of growth, value creation and innovation. While Mckinsey report, Banking Industry (2010) identifies four important opportunities and challenges in local Banking sector highlighting Market is falling in discontinues growth with new products, services, fee based income and Investment Banking. Windfall gains with the decrease in Interest rates would not be enjoyed. The increase in competition and added interest in Foreign Banks will intensify. With changes in the demographic factors, the requirements of service and institutional capabilities will also increase. The Mckinsey report, 2010 also highlights the facts that Foreign Banks will begin the Mergers Acquisition in recent years buying ou t old sector and new sector banks as a result new private banks and foreign banks will grow at a greater rate as compare to public banking sector. Pakistan has majority of public sector banking system monitored and or supervised by State Bank of Pakistan, and has performed best in stable way during worst times in the world financial system with less developments in innovation and inclusion. An Overview of Last Few Years At the end of 2008 statistics from the banking division witness decelerate. In October 2008, deposits reduced from Rs 3.77 trillion to Rs 3.67 trillion. Supplies for sufferers in same phase depart from Rs 173 billion to Rs 178.9 billion. For the time being, State bank has pushed economy extensive charges of interest. Amplified struggle in the banking division will force smaller banks to either sell out to other larger banks or merge. A small capital base will also restrict branch expansion of smaller banks, forcing them to focus on relatively smaller retail clients. Hence, it is foreseen that a major merger/acquisition potential in the banking sector. Competition would also spill over to other customer services such as provision of ATM machines and better banking facilities. Again, only the larger banks would be able to invest in automation technology and branch expansion necessary to improve efficiencies and mobilize cheaper funds. List of Banks in Pakistan BANKS IN PAKISTAN Public Sector Banks First Women Bank Limited The Bank of Khyber National Bank of Pakistan The Bank of Punjab Sindh Bank Islamic Banks AlBaraka Bank (Pakistan) Limited BankIslami Pakistan Limited Burj Bank Limited Meezan Bank Limited Dubai Islamic Bank Pakistan Limited Private Banks Allied Bank Limited Askari Bank Limited Bank Alfalah Limited Bank Al Habib Limited Faysal Bank Limited Habib Bank Limited Habib Metropolitan Bank Limited JS Bank Limited KASB Bank Limited MCB Bank Limited NIB Bank Limited Samba Bank Limited SILKBANK Limited Soneri Bank Limited Summit Bank Limited United Bank Limited Foreign Banks Barclays Bank PLC Citibank Pakistan Operations Deutsche Bank AG Pakistan Operations HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Pakistan Operations Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Pakistan Branches Oman International Bank S.A.O.G Pakistan Operation s The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Limited Pakistan Operations Development Financial Institutions House Building Finance Corporation Pak Brunei investment Company Limited Pak China Investment Company Limited PAIR Investment Company Limited Pakistan Kuwait Investment Company Limited Pak Libya Holding Company Limited Pak Oman Investment Company Limited Saudi Pak Industrial Agricultural Investment Company Limited Specialized Banks Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan The Punjab Provincial Cooperative Bank Ltd SME Bank Limited Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited Micro Finance Banks / Institutions KASHF Microfinance Bank Limited Khushhali Bank Limited Apna Microfinance Bank Limited NRSP Microfinance Bank Limited Pak Oman Microfinance Bank Limited Rozgar Microfinance Bank Limited Tameer Micro Finance Bank Limited The First Micro Finance Bank Limited The Problem Statement Global financial crisis hit all the financial institutions around the world. Banking divisions performance, insolvency or solvency has been specified a great deal of consideration at domestic as well as at global level. This aim of this research is to analyse the financial performance of Pakistani banks, the major reasons of their decline/incline nowadays, problems faced by them in recent time and the Initiatives that should be taken to bolster bank operations in Pakistan. Objectives of the Study Eventual purpose of this research is to gauge the financial performance of banks under study. It can be broken down as follows: To examine the monetary performance of banks To carry out the aspects which have directed to existing financial conditions Propose procedures for the banks on the basis of results of the research, which will help banks to improve financial performance Scope of the Study This study or analysis of the banks will help in gauging the performance of banks in Pakistan. It includes detailed study of renowned banks operating in Pakistan for the period undertaken. Limitations of the Study Results of the research are merely based upon the information given by institutions and other secondary sources. The key issues which can obstruct the current expected performance of banks are monetary circumstances and government strategies. This research is limited to the study of banks operating in Pakistan. Basic Assumptions For this research I have taken the following assumption: The data provided by the banks for research analysis is completely true The banks under consideration had some consequence of financial crisis Key terms CAMEL model, Non banking Financial Institutions, Development Finance Institutions, Financial Crisis, Financial Performance, Banking, Performance Evaluation. Chapter 2 Literature Review Introduction Banking profits have gained significant importance in recent years as banks are the institutions, which contribute for overall economic activities that are happening in any country. Post 1990s, due to financial liberalization and deregulation of Banks, there has been entry of foreign banks and some large private sector banks with the huge capital and man power has played a key role in Pakistani economy. Even public sector has not lagged behind as they have constantly changed and adapted to the new technological innovations. Banks traditional mode of getting funds at a low cost and the spread between getting funds and providing loans and advances has reduced. Thus, traditional banking activities yielded low profits and banks started looking for new avenues for increasing their bottom-line (Chowdhury Chowdhury, 2010). According to Chowdhury, Banking conventions usually suggests that with the increase in fee based income, risks can be diversified. Thus, Pakistani banking sector ha s to focus on fee based income like other developed nations. Thus it becomes important to understand the factors play in non interest income, interest income, total profit and total income in order to provide stability to business of banking. Few Studies have revealed that the consequence of privatization on banks effectiveness efficiency revealed that privatized banks have executed better than completely public division banks they are transmittable with banks in private division (Sathye, 2005). The major factors affecting the profitability and efficiency of the banks were directed investments, directed credit, growth in assets, growth in advances and increased proportion of other income in total income of the banks (Bhaumik and Dimova, 2004). The Banks liquidity position was severely affected due to increasing mismatches in deposits and credit growth rates, apart from several structural components such as huge gaps in maturity of assets and liabilities due to increasing ex posure in infrastructure projects, which are long term in nature. The Banking Stability, when compared to previous period depicted relative movements in risk parameters of the banking system over a period of time, which indicated marginal rise in the risks with reference to liquidity compared to the previous year. However, the Banking Stability Indicator, showed overall improvements in stability compared to the previous reporting period (State Bank of Pakistan, 2012). Historical Perspective To compute the monetary reliability of banks excellence of management, financial ratios are used. Say for example, controller of banks uses financial ratios to calculate effectiveness of banks (YUE, 1992). Beaver (1996), Altman (1968), Maishanu (2004), Mous (2005) used financial ratios to evaluate the performance appraisal of banks, experiential proof by them are present. Basically Camel framework was proposed to conclude at what time to program on-site assessment of any bank (Thomson, 1991; Whalen and Thomson, 1988). The factors of CAMEL model show increased probability of bank breakdown while whichever of factor demonstrate insufficient, and they are capital adequacy, asset quality, management soundness, earnings profitability and Liquidity. Agenda behind selection of CAMEL factors is that every factor signifies key component of banks financial statements. There are a number of studies which supply clarification of choosing CAMEL model; they are Lane et al. (1986), Looney et al. (1989), Thomson (1991), Elliott et al. (1991) and Eccher et al. (1996). The first being to employ financial ratios to forecast bankruptcy was Beaver (1966), though his study was limited for looking one ratio at a time. Altman (1968) altered the concept of Beaver by means of using numerous categorized studies. The study joined data of various financial ratios in a solitary forecasting model. The z-score model of Altmans was output of his numerous categorized studies and it was famous for a lot of decades because his model was simple correct. Maishanu (2004) recognized 8 financial ratios which can provide information to the analysts of finance. He also introduced another model which was used to predict breakdown of commercial banks. Cole et al. (1995) conducted a study on A CAMEL Ratings Shelf Life and the findings of them proposed that a bank should be examined in a time period of maximum two quarters. Godlewski (2003) tested soundness of CAMEL model to determine the de fault of a bank in rising economies. Said and Saucier (2003) examined the liquidity, solvency and efficiency of Japanese Banks with CAMEL rating tactic for the period of 1993 1999 of a delegate sample, the focus of their study was capital adequacy, assets quality, management capability, earnings ability and liquidity of Japanese banks. Prasuna (2003) analyzed the performance of Indian banks by adopting the CAMEL Model. The performance of 65 banks was studied for the period 2003-04. The author concluded that the competition was tough and consumers benefited from better services quality, innovative products and better bargains. Bhayani (2006) analyzed the performance of new private sector banks through the help of the CAMEL model. The sample was four leading private sector banks. Gupta and Kaur (2008) conducted the study with the main objective to assess the performance of Indian Private Sector Banks on the basis of Camel Model and gave rating to top five and bottom five banks. Th ey ranked 20 old and 10 new private sector banks on the basis of CAMEL model. They considered the financial data for the period of five years i.e., from 2003-07. K.V.N. Prasad (2012), in his research A Camel Model Analysis of Nationalized Banks in India stated that banking sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. Todays banking sector becoming more complex. Evaluating Indian banking sector is not an easy task. There are so many factors, which need to be taken care while differentiating good banks from bad ones. To evaluate the performance of banking sector we have chosen the CAMEL model which measures the performance of banks. After deciding the model we have chosen twenty nationalized banks. According to the importance of study each parameter is given equal weights. In the process of continuous evaluation of the banks financial performance both in public sector and private sector, the academicians, scholars and administrators have made several studies on the CAMEL model but in different perspectives and in different periods. Current Perspective In 2010 K.V.N. Prasad and G. Ravinder did a research named, A CAMEL model analysis of nationalized banks in india which was published in International Journal of Trade and Commerce-Iiartc. In this research they mentioned that banking sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. Todays banking sector becoming more complex. Evaluating Indian banking sector is not an easy task. There are so many factors, which need to be taken care while differentiating good banks from bad ones. To evaluate the performance of banking sector we have chosen the CAMEL model which measures the performance of banks from each of the important parameter. After deciding the model we have chosen twenty nationalized banks. According to the importance of study each parameter is given equal weights. K.V.N. Prasad and G. Ravinder (2010) also stated that CAMEL is basically ratio based model for evaluating the performance of banks. It is a management tool that measures capital adequacy, assets quality, and efficiency of management, earnings quality and liquidity of financial institutions. The period for evaluating performance through CAMEL in this study ranges from 2005-06 to 2009-10, i.e., for 5 years. The absolute data for twenty nationalized banks was collected from various sources such as annual reports of the banks, Prowess, Ace Analyzer, Analyst journal and average of each ratio calculated for the period 2006- 10. All the banks were first individually ranked based on the sub-parameters of each parameter. The sum of these ranks was then taken to arrive at the group average of individual banks for each parameter. Finally the composite rankings for the banks were arrived at after computing the average of these group averages. Banks were ranked in the ascending/descending order based on the individual sub-parameter. The conclusion of the research done by K.V.N. Prasad and G. Ravinder (2010) states that economic development of any country is mainly influenced by the growth of the ba nking industry in that country. The current study has been conducted to examine the economic sustainability of a sample of thirty nine banks in India using CAMEL model during the period 2006-10. The study revealed that: Canara Bank stood at top position in terms of capital adequacy, In front of asset quality, Andhra Bank Bank of Baroda was at top most position, In context of management efficiency, Punjab Sindh bank positioned at first, In terms of earnings quality Indian Bank sustained the top position, Bank of Baroda rated top in case of liquidity position, Overall performance table shows that, Andhra Bank is ranked first followed by Bank of Baroda, Punjab Sindh Bank, Indian bank , Corporation Bank, In bottom five, Central Bank of India was on the last position. Mihir das Annesha das (2009), analysed Indian banking industry using CAMEL model, they states that Indian banking sector holds a key position in Indian economy, banks act as mediator between all businesses. In this wa y Indian banking division plays a vital role in state profits. So the analysis evaluation of banking sector is very important. They analyzed 58 banks and the data used was before global financial crisis. The study concludes that private banks are improved as compare to public banks for the period data was collected. The main reasons of better performance of private banks were the quality of management and profitability of banks. Public sector banks need to have quick response to altering market circumstances to fight with private banks. The reason of difference between their performances is due to the credit policy they have adopted, service provided to customers and shaking hand with changing IT environment in the banking industry. To improve the performance public division banks change their credit lending policy that will also result in improved quality of assets and better profitability. Banks should monitor the profitability and strength of borrowers on a continuous basis beca use it will decrease the hazard of non performing assets. Banks should advance the marketing tactics and alter their distribution phenomenon to magnetize more clients and then supply them with best customer service. Banks should also progress in employee motivation efficiency. There are some limitations inherent in the present study. The sample size used for the study is limited. Further, the study period was limited due to the limited availability of data. Another limitation was in the nature of the overall CAMELS rating used: the rating gives undue importance to the factors of management soundness and earnings. Further, the CAMELS framework is not a comprehensive framework; for example, it does not take into consideration other forms of risk (such as credit risk). Further studies can incorporate other risk factors into the framework to provide a more comprehensive measure of banking performance. B. Nimalathasan (2009), A comparative study of financial performance of bankin g sector in Bangladesh an application of CAMELS rating system The Banking sector in Bangladesh is different from the banking as seen in other developed countries. This is one of the Major Service sectors in Bangladesh economy, which divided into four categories of scheduled Banks. These are Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), Government Owned Development Financial Institutions (DFIs), Private Commercial Banks (PCBs), and Foreign Commercial Banks (FCBs). Performance of financial Institution is generally measured by applying quantitative techniques of financial measurement. It is a post mortem examination techniques of achievement of a bank. Many Studies are conducted in different countries to judge the performance of their banking system, using different statistical methods such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA). The present Study is initiated a Comparative Study of Financial Performance of Banking Sector in Bangladesh using CAMELS rating s ystem with 6562 Branches of 48 Banks in Bangladesh from Financial year 1999-2006. CAMELS rating system basically quantitative technique, is widely used for measuring performance of banks in Bangladesh. Accordingly CAMELS rating system shows that 3 banks was 01 or Strong, 31 banks were rated 02 or satisfactory, rating of 07 banks was 03 or Fair, 5 banks were rated 4 or Marginal and 2 banks got 05 or unsatisfactorily rating. 1 NCB had unsatisfactorily rating and other 3 NCBs had marginal rating. Secondary data were used for the present study. The annual data for all banks during the financial years of 1999-2006 are used for rating the performance of the banks. In addition another source of data was through references to the library and the review of different articles, papers, and relevant previous studies. The sample for this studies all branches of the banks in Bangladesh. The Banking sector in Bangladesh is different from the banking sector as seen in developed countries. Thi s is one of the major service sectors in Bangladesh economy and can be divided mainly into four categories Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs), Government Owned development finance Institutions (DFIs), Private Commercial Banks (PCBs), and Foreign Commercials Banks (FCBs). At present there are 48 Scheduled banks operating in Bangladesh of these 4 are nationalized, 5 are development finance institutions, 30 are local private commercial and 9 are foreign commercial banks. All branches of the banks are taken for the present study. In the preceding analysis, it has been that the performance measurement of a bank under traditional measures as CAMELS rating techniques. CAMELS rating system basically quantitative technique, is widely used for measuring performance of banks in Bangladesh. Accordingly CAMELS rating system shows that 3 banks was 01 or Strong, 31 banks were rated 02 or satisfactory, rating of 7 banks was 03 or fair, 5 banks were rated 04 or Marginal and 2 banks got 05 or unsatisfactorily rating. 1 NCB had unsatisfactorily rating and other 3 NCBs had marginal rating. Zohra Jabeen (2010), Study of the efficiency measures in the banking sector in Pakistan (2006-2010) quantitative analysis with qualitative inferences Achievement of Efficiency is considered to be an important factor for all entities, yet it is a tricky one, primarily because it is measured in relative and comparative terms. For the financial sector, it has tremendous importance, having material benefits and losses too. Therefore it becomes an important benchmark of achievement. This study is first part of a series of studies to be continued in the efficiency measurement in the financial sector in Pakistan. The current study measures efficiency of fourteen select banks in the financial sector of Pakistan and addresses the interpretation of efficiency. It uses the parametric OLS technique, using the definition of efficiency and the set of variables chosen from the CAMEL rating system o f the regulators of financial institutions. It further applies the non parametric Data Envelopment Analysis Approach to the sample and assesses their relative efficiency in terms of inputs and outputs of the intermediation approach. It discusses the results in the context of the background of the variables of assessment and their relationship to efficiency of banks. The study aims at finding a better view of performance in the financial sector for more reliable results. The paper is part of an ongoing study regarding efficiency assessment in the banking sector in Pakistan. At its initial step, it provides important clues to the efficiency assessment measures for financial institutions in Pakistan. It followed the established research methodology for the OLS technique and the DEA analysis. We can deduce from the results of the OLS method that the CAMEL ratios do attempt to gauge the efficiency ratios of the sample under considerations. Within the five independent factors, the CAR and Ern have significant predictability. The results show that the CAR and Ern ratios are the most significant contributors to the ER, and these conform to previous studies. However, if we simply find out the efficiency ratio for the sample banks, the ones which have a good efficiency ratio do not necessarily have the same standing in CAR and Ern ratios. The results of the DEA technique are not giving any conclusive answers, as to which bank is less efficient, except Bank Islami which appears to be overall inefficient. It is showing nine out of the sample of fourteen banks to be efficient. Therefore there is need for further work on the application of the DEA Model, before being conclusive on the results. The main point to ponder seems to be whether the large majority of the sample banks are actually efficient. Whether, these high values of efficiency have anything to do with the high interest rate spread in the market, or not? It is suggested that the study be expanded to includ e more variables that may be considered to be important in measurement of efficiency. However, (it is seen from the preliminary review of literature that) the DEA approach in the financial sector, has lack of consensus or consistency in choosing variables as inputs and outputs (Kabir, (2006), Elisa and Luca (2007) and others). Similarly, with different choices, the results are very different and it is feared that these quantitative tools can be misunderstood or misleading in results. The study was limited to a five year data (2006-2010). This can be expanded to include more years beyond 2005 backwards and perhaps more banks and Development Financial Institutions to get a better view of the financial sector in Pakistan. In this study, the GAP analysis was not conducted. It was limited to CAMEL and not CAMELS. This is the S part of the CAMELS assessment. GAP ratio is commonly termed as a sensitivity ratio showing the exposure of the financial entity to interest rate risk. The Curre nt year Cumulative Yield/Interest Risk Sensitivity Gap minus previous year Cumulative Yield/Interest Risk Sensitivity Gap gives up the GAP. However, with our ratios form in the CAMEL, a ratio like figure was required. More insight into the GAP working is needed in further study in this area. Rehana K. Irum S. (2010), gauging the financial performance of banking sector using CAMEL model: comparison of conventional, mixed and pure Islamic banks in Pakistan The study is a comparison based on performance of Pure Islamic banks, mixed banks (we use this word for all those banks that have their Islamic as well conventional branches) and conventional banks using CAMEL model. It is an appropriate and simple model to evaluate the financial and managerial assessment of institutions. The ratios defined by CAMEL method are analyzed by using ANOVA to investigate any significant difference. The data analysis is done using SPSS. Based on our analysis, we found that Islamic banks have adequate c apital and have good asset quality when compared to Islamic branches of conventional banks and conventional banks. Moreover, Islamic banks in general have good management competency in comparison to conventional banks. The earnings of Islamic branches of conventional banks are greater than full-fledge Islamic banks and conventional banks. Finally, it can be concluded that Islamic banks have a developing setup. As study is related to the performance assessment of banking sector based on the CAMEL model so following section explained the variables of study. Based on CAMEL, there are five categories of variables. These categories are Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Capability, Earnings, and Liquidity. Statistical findings reveal that there are significant differences in the mean CAMEL ratios of three bank types. The performance measurements of Islamic banking in Pakistan are different in comparison to the results drawn from the similar studies done in other parts of t he world. For example it is argued that UAE Islamic banks are relatively more profitable, less liquid, less risky, and more efficient as compared to the UAE conventional banks. Samad Hassan (2000) revealed in their study that BIMB (Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad) is less profitable, relatively less risky and more solvent as compared to conventional banks of Malaysia. The difference in results is largely due to the fact that Islamic banking has longer history in these countries as compared to Pakistan where full-fledged Islamic banking started merely few years back. Moreover, conventional banking has a longer history, deeper roots, vast experience of learning from the financial markets mechanisms, and larger share in the Pakistan financial sector. Considering these facts of the matter, we dont find the results of our study surprising. However, the way Islamic banking sector is improving and growing in Pakistan. Islamic Banking Department was established on 15th September, 2003 and ha s been entrusted with the task of promoting and developing the Shariah Compliant Islamic Banking as a parallel and compatible banking system in the country. Islamic Banking is one of the emerging field in global financial market, having tremendous potential and growing at a very fast pace all around the world. In January 2002, Meezan Bank Limited was granted first Islamic Banking License by State Bank of Pakistan. The progress of Islamic Banking in Pakistan has also been commendable during the last Five years. Currently there are six licensed full-fledged Islamic Banks and twelve conventional banks with independent Islamic Branches. The Evaluation Model CAMEL CAMEL is basically ratio based model for evaluating the performance of banks. It is a management tool that measures capital adequacy, asset quality, efficiency of management, quality of earnings and liquidity of financial institutions. Variables There are five categories of variables in which multiple ratios are calculated, these categories are Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Capability, Earnings and Liquidity of the institutions, all are specifically explained below: Capital Adequacy In banks perspective it is important to preserve depositors assurance and avoiding the bank from getting bankrupt. This factor imitates the whole financial situation of bank and also the capability of management to congregate the need of added funds. Below mentioned ratios determine capital adequacy: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR): The capital adequacy ratio is developed to make sure that banks can soak up rational level of losses occurred due to operational losses and determine the capacity of the bank in meeting the losses Debt-Equity Ratio (D/E): The extent of leverage of a bank is specified by this ratio. This ratio point out the level of a banks business funded by debt the level of equity Advance to Assets Ratio (Adv/Ast): This is the ratio which point out banks assertiveness in lending whose eventual outcome showed in improved profitability Government Securities to Total Investments (G-sec/Inv): It is an important indicator showing the risk-taking ability of the ba nk. It is a banks strategy to have high profits, high risk or low profits, low risk. Asset Quality The excellence of all assets is significant factor to measure the potency of any bank. Key dictum of gauging assets quality is to determine the part of non-performing assets as a percentage of the total assets. Ratios which are calculated to review the asset quality are: Net NPAs to Total Assets (NNPAs/TA): This ratio discloses the efficiency of bank in assessing the credit risk and, to an extent, recovering the debts Net NPAs to Net Advances (NNPAs/NA): It is the mainly usual calculation of asset quality which measures net non-performing assets as percentage to net advances Total Investments to Total Assets (TI/TA): It indicates the extent of deployment of assets in investment as against advances Percentage Change in NPAs: This measure tracks the movement in Net NPAs over previous year. The higher the reduction in the Net NPA level, the better it for the bank Management Efficiency CAMEL models another vital component is Management efficiency. Ratios in this section include subjective study to compute the competence and efficacy of management. The ratios used to evaluate management efficiency are described as: Total Advances to Total Deposits (TA/TD): A banks managements effectiveness is measured through this ratio. It measures the capability of banks supervision in changing the funds deposited with the bank excluding other funds like equity capital, etc. into high earning advances Profit per Employee (PPE): Surplus generated per employee is revealed through this ratio. Total number of employees is placed in denominator and income after tax generated by the bank is placed in numerator, the answer is calculated by dividing the friction. Business per Employee (BPE): Output of a bank produced through human force is calculated through this ratio. To determine the effectiveness of human force which generates business for the bank business per employee rat io is a vital tool to deploy Return on Net worth (RONW): It is the calculation of prosperity of bank. Here, PAT is expressed as a percentage of Average Net Worth. Earning Quality The quality of earnings is a very important criterion that determines the ability of a bank to earn consistently. It basically determines the profitability of bank and explains its sustainability and growth in earnings in future. The following ratios explain the quality of income generation. Operating Profit to Average Working Funds (OP/AWF): This ratio indicates how much a bank can earn profit from its operations for every rupee spent in the form of working fund Percentage Growth in Net Profit (PAT Growth): It is the percentage change in net profit over the previous year Net Profit to Average Assets (PAT/AA): This ratio measures return on assets employed or the efficiency in utilization of assets Liquidity Risk of liquidity is curse to the image of bank. Bank has to take a proper care to hedge the liquidity risk; at the same time ensuring good percentage of funds are invested in high return generating securities, so that it is in a position to generate profit with provision liquidity to the depositors. The following ratios are used to measure the liquidity: Liquid Assets to Demand Deposits (LA/DD): A bank meets demands from depositors in a specified time period is due to its ability; this ratio computes that capability of the bank. To offer higher liquidity for them, bank has to invest these funds in highly liquid form Liquid Assets to Total Deposits (LA/TD): Liquidity available for the whole deposits of a bank is calculated through this ratio Liquid Assets to Total Assets (LA/TA): It measures the overall liquidity position of the bank. The liquid asset includes cash in hand and wealth at call short notice. The entire assets include the revaluation of all the assets G-Se c to Total Assets (G-Sec/TA): It measures the risk involved in the assets. This ratio measures the Government securities as proportionate to total assets Approved Securities to Total Assets (AS/TA): This is arrived by dividing the total amount invested in Approved securities by Total Assets CHapter 3 Research Methodology Research Strategy The research strategy selected is Archival Research because it formulates the utilization of administrative proceedings and credentials as the primary resource of information. Though the word archival has chronological associations, it may refer to current as well as chronological statistics. Sampling Technique I have selected non probability sampling (or non-random sampling) which endow with a variety of procedures to pick sample on the basis of subjective judgment. In such type of research plans my objectives, research question and choice of research strategy utter non-probability sampling. Sampling Method The method selected is Purposive or judgmental sampling. This form of sample is frequently used while functioning with very small samples and when you aspire to choose cases that are mainly informative. It enables me to judge select cases that best permit me to respond my research query and to meet my objectives. Sample size Matter of sample size is indefinite and unlike probability sampling, there are no regulations. Rather the rational association among sample selection method the reason and focus of study is vital. Consequently, sample size is reliant on study question and objectives, what will be useful, what will have credibility, what I need to find out and what can be achieved through accessible resources. Data Type The data type can be classified into three types that can be implemented in quantitative analysis of financial problems they are time series data, panel data and Cross sectional data. However, for our research we will consider Panel Data. Thus panel data have both the dimensions of time series and cross sectional data and the judgment of panel regression is considered to be developing and interest area in econometrics. Research Model This research is based on the econometric analysis using Regression Model to get the results by plugging in the different variables or more specifically financial ratios and or the values which is reflected in the balance sheet of the banks. Before we could look into the various variables used in the model and their description we have to throw a light on the importance and usefulness of econometric analysis and regression model used in this study. Econometric Analysis Econometrics is Measurement in economics. As the origination of the econometrics is derived from the economics and can be seen from the first four letters Econ (Brooks, 2005). It can also be said as The combination of the probability, sampling and economic models results in an econometric model that will connect a specified sampling process to data. The adjective of the econometric arises from the realization, identification and incorporation of an economic component into the formation and interpretation of the model. Econometric model signifies our knowledge on sampling of economic values in the form of random variables that can be interpreted, have dependence structure and have joint probability distribution (Mittelhammer Miller, 2000). To certain degree the econometric model can be represented as accurate measure of true data sampling. The model thus highlights an overview of analyst knowledge of group of economic outcomes and gives the indication about what is assum ed and what is left to be discovered in the process of research (Mittelhammer Miller, 2000). Regression Model Regression analysis or model is the considered to be the most important tool in the hands of econometrician. Regression model enables to describe evaluate the association among known variable one or more other variables (Brooks, 2005). Thus, regression clarifies the ups and downs in variable with reference to ups and downs in one or more other variables. Regression considered as more powerful and flexible than correlation. In regression both dependent variable (y) and independent variables (x) are considered different. Variable y is said as stochastic (random) that is to encompass a probability distribution. The x variable is said to be non-stochastic (fixed) value in repetitive samples. Linear Regression model equation for a straight line can be shown as below y= a+bx+u where, y=Dependant variable, a=coefficient, b=coefficient, x=given observations or samples, u= Residual or u ~ N(0,1) However, we also use the below equation which is extension of the above equation. Y=a+bx1+cx2+dx3+ex4+fx5+gx6+hx7+ix8+jx9+kx10+lx11+mx12+nx13+ox14+px15..+ut Where X1, X2, X3ÃÆ'à ¢Ã ¢Ã¢â¬Å¡Ã ¬Ãâà ¦..Xn states the given observations or samples in panel data The below are the variables used in our panel data to find out the random variables that can be interpreted. Those are Dividend payout ratio, Return on Capital, Return on Assets, Income growth rate, Profit per Employee, Total debt to Capital, Long term debt, GDP Growth rate, Market Share, Capital Adequacy-Basel II, Credit -Deposit Ratio, Investment-Deposit Ratio, Net NPA to Net Advances, Business per Employee and Dummy Variable. These variables are explained below in detail along with their computation methodology. Dividend Pay-out Ratio Dividend payout ratio is one of the variables used in our econometric model. It comes under the profitability ratios of the banks or companies. The D/P ratio which calculates the association among income belonging to usual shareholders and dividend rewarded to those shareholders. It can be said as Dividend payout ratio shows percentage share of total income after tax and preference dividend is given as dividend to equity share holder (Khan Jain, 2005). Below equation shows how the dividend payout ratio is calculated. Dividend pay-out ratio = Total cash dividend to equity holders / Total net profit belonging to equity holders X 100 This ratio is widely used ratio across the world and it can be compared with so many years trend and to highlight the comparison of adequacy of the inter-firm or intra-industry. Thus, in the econometric model this variable is used to highlight the adequacy of the banks operating in Pakistan. Return on Capital It is also known as Return on Capital Employed and similar to ROA except that earnings are associated with entire wealth in use. Meaning of entire wealth in use is long-term funds given to owners or lenders of the bank or company. ROC can be calculated in two ways i. ROC can be equal to long term liabilities + Owners equity, ii. ROC equals to net working capital + fixed assets. This ratio highlights how efficiently and effectively the long term funds of owners and lenders of the bank or company has been utilized and also reflects higher the ratio it is recommended (Khan Jain, 2005). It can be calculated in many ways important being shown below ROC = Net profit after taxes + Interest ÃÆ'à ¢Ãâ¹Ã¢â¬ à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ Tax advantage on Interest / Average total capital employed ÃÆ'à ¢Ãâ¹Ã¢â¬ à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ Average intangible assets X 100 Income Growth Rate Income Growth Rate (IGR) is the maximum rate at which bank or any company can grow in terms of sales or assets without any external financing. In simple words IGR is the percentage of total income of any individual bank out of the group (namely, public, private or foreign bank). There are certain assumptions to evaluate IGR they are i. Assets increase in proportion to the sales, ii. The Earnings after Tax is directly proportionate to sales, iii. The bank can have target retention ratio which it can maintain, iv. Bank does not raise external funds to finance assets (Khan Jain, 2005). IGR = ROA X Retention Ratio / 1 ÃÆ'à ¢Ãâ¹Ã¢â¬ à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ (ROA X Retention Ratio) Return on Assets Return on Assets is one of the important profitability ratios and calculated in provision of association among assets and net profits. It is also known as profit-to-asset ratio. ROA is Earnings after tax available to owners and interest to creditors. Assets are financed by both owners and creditors. Below is the method to compute the ROA. ROA = Net Profit after tax + Interest / Average total assets X 100 Profit per Employee It is known as the return on intangibles. In the recent past the profit per employee (PPE) has generated incomes to the several banks in the form of intangibles income and Profit per employee is one and return on invested capital (ROIC) is other which modern companies or Banks adopt. The very measure of Profit per employee gives emphasis on return on talent. The approach will lead the managers to increase profits relative to people employed in a company (Bryan, 2007). In short a net profit is divided per head of employed staff or employee is a recent way to assess the profits of the bank or a company. Total Debt to Capital The Total Debt to Capital is a leverage ratio and its the relationship between creditors funds and owners capital. Total capitalization of a bank or a company is related to liabilities from outside and not merely from equity of shareholders only. The total debt of bank consists of Long term debts + current liabilities and total assets encompass of stable capital + current liabilities. There are several approaches to find out or compute debt to capital ratio one of the important being Total Debt to Capital Ratio = Total debt / Total Assets Long Term Debt The Long term debts are obligations in the form of loans and advances which exceeds more than one year or the maturity of the loans such as bonds, notes and commercial papers. It is in the ability of the bank/firm to pay off the long term debts to show its solvency. If it is unable to pay of its long term debt may lead to insolvency or winding up of the bank or a firm. GDP Growth Rate The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate is the sell price of all the commodities and services produced during a period of one year in a country. There are two types of GDP they are real GDP and nominal GDP. The economic growth rate or real GDP growth rate is percentage change in variable (Mishkin, 2010). This can be computed as GDP Growth rate = ÃÆ'à °Ãâà à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Ãâà ¥ÃÆ'à °Ãâà à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Ãâà ¡ÃÆ'à ¢Ãâ¹Ã¢â¬ à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ÃÆ'à °Ãâà à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Ãâà ¥ÃÆ'à °Ãâà à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Ãâà ¡ÃÆ'à ¢Ãâ¹Ã¢â¬ à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢1 / ÃÆ'à °Ãâà à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Ãâà ¥ÃÆ'à °Ãâà à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Ãâà ¡ÃÆ'à ¢Ãâ¹Ã¢â¬ à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢1 X 100 Where, t indicates today and t-1 a year earlier. Market Share Market Share means the position or the place in which the bank or a company is placed within the similar group of companies taking into consideration any one of the component for comparison out of the other banks in a group or sector or industry. Thus, in our case we have taken into consideration as Advances out of each group total advances disbursed in a year versus the individual banks advance disbursement in a year. Market Share (%) by Group-wise = Individual Bank Advance / Total Advances of Group X 100 Capital Adequacy-Basel II The Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio is measure be maintained by all the scheduled commercial banks operating in India as Capital Adequacy norms prescribed by Basel II. As per The Committee on Banking Regulations and Supervisory Practices (Basel Committee) Capital Adequacy Ratio or CRAR: It is ratio of capital fund to risk weighted assets expressed in percentage terms with minimum capital requirements under Tier I, Tier II. This has to be followed very stringently by all the banks without failing as per the Basel committee. Credit-Deposit Ratio The Credit-deposit ratio means amount of loan-assets created by banks from deposits collected from customers. The concept of CDR was first implemented by RBI in 1980 to Public sector banks to maintain 60% in semi urban and rural areas in order to encourage the decrease of inter-regional imbalances and convince the banks to lend in semi urban and rural areas where they mobilized the deposits. Investment-Deposit Ratio In the similar way to CDR, Investment- Deposit Ratio means the sum of both long term and short term Investments on other banks, advances and loans, share market etc. divided by the sum of the amount collected by bank on various accounts such as Savings Bank Account, Recurring deposit account, current account and fixed account. Net NPA to Net Advances Non-Performing Assets are one which challenges the banks stability and profitability by the way of loss of interest income, waving off the principal and so on. Net Non-Performing assets: Can be computed by deducting accounting items like payment received partially, interest due but not recovered. Thus, Net NPA to Net Advances is a ratio to measure on how much advances issued has turned into unrealized or bad debt. Thus, giving signal to banks if it crosses the limits to which the bank cannot sustain. Business per Employee Business per Employee means the overall business generated by each employee who is working in any organization or bank. This can be done by dividing overall business generated divided by per head of the employees working in each of the banks forming business per employee. Dummy Variable In economic and financial modeling, its frequent that one or more residuals will cause to the rejection for the assumption of normality. Thus, leading to observations would appear in the tails of the distribution and would therefore lead u, which enters into the definition of kurtosis since its very large. Those data which does not fit with the pattern of data are said to be outliers. In this case to increase the normality curves is to use dummy variables. The dummy variables are simply used like other variables in the regression model. Yt = ÃÆ'Ã
½Ãâà ²1 + ÃÆ'Ã
½Ãâà ²2 x2t + ÃÆ'Ã
½Ãâà ²3 x3t + ÃÆ'Ã
½Ãâà ²4DUMMYt + ut The dummy variable considers the value one for single observation from whole of the sample panel data by making the residual of that panel observation to zero. It is also known as the sensible way to use dummy variables to the regression model if both the statistical need and theoretical justification for the inclusion (Brooks, 2005). Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-5458924753366430562020-05-17T06:10:00.001-07:002020-05-17T06:10:07.168-07:00The Evolution of Banking in Sierra Leone - 1586 Words INSTITUE OF PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION AND MANAGEMENT/ UNIVERSITY OF SIERRE LEONE MODULE: FINANCIAL REGULATION AND PRACTICES COURSE: BSC (HONS) FINANCIAL SERVICES (YEAR 4) ASSIGNMENT: DISCUSS THE EVOLUTION OF BANKING IN SIERRA LEONE NAME: MOHAMED KHALIL KOROMA REG: 4606 NAME OF LECTURER: MR Nââ¬â¢JAI CONTENT 1. Introduction 2.1 Adam Smith and Modern Banking 2. Overview of Sierra Leone banking 3. Our Perception of Banking in Sierra Leone 4. Conclusion INTRODUCTION Mankind has always been seeking security and protection. This need has led him to scientific and tecological development on one hand and banking development on the other. In modern times the banking has become so necessary thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The enabling legislation was passed on the 27 of March. The Bank of Sierra Leone was established in 1963, is the central bank of issue .the Banking Acts of 1964 provides for the regulations of commercial banks by the central bank, including the control of money supply. Poor revenue collection ,failure to control expenditure and heavy debt servicing requirements as a result of past borrowing characterized government finances in the 1980s and early 1990s. It is responsible by charter for the oversight of the countryââ¬â¢s banks and advising the government on financial matters, management of domestic and foreign debts and maintaining of foreign exchange reserve. Despite the since independence Sierra Leone ââ¬Ëeconomy has been characterized by financially disadvantageous exchange rate and government budget deficits which led to sizable deficit balance to payment deficit and inflation. Also IMF has been making numerous interventions to savage this situation. In the 1990s, there were six commercials banks operating in the country. Standard chartered Bank and Barclays bank of Sierra Leone areShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing The International Expansion Of Nigerian Banks6650 Words à |à 27 PagesAs discussed earlier, research on the internationalisation of Nigerian firmââ¬â¢s is still under-explored and scant in the literature. 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I ll always remember the day I sat in class and got the A honor roll seal of improvement with my name on it, my perspective on life all of a sudden changed to where I need to put forth a concentrated effort better. I understood that while others could move along and sufficiently do to get by, that was not what I expected to do. Disappointment was impossible for me, I set objectives that I wouldn t make due with nothing not as much as achievement in my school work, and heading off to college would have been the be the way I achieve my objective. I don t know anything rouses success more than the sentiment disappointment. I just dependably let myself know I need to carry on with the great life, and that takes cash and to have the cash you should be instructed. I never fully comprehended the inclination I had in my stomach, however it made me wiped out to my stomach. I had concentrated on days ahead of time so hard for that test despite everything I took note of I figured I didn t comprehend the material as I thought I did. I contemplated on that falling flat review for a few days, and I just couldn t exactly get it out my head. When I saw that different understudies in my class had fizzled what s more, it simply did not by any means appear to miracle them the way it did to me. They went about as though they could think less about a passing review and that state of mind annoys me the most. I needed to know how their brains handled they fizzled , graciousShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words à |à 860 Pagesabout Wiley products, visit our Web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Kerzner, Harold. Project management : case studies I Harold Kerzner. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-471-75167-0 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-471-75167-7 (pbk.) 1. 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Who would have thought that interest in mistakes would be so enduring? Many of you are past users, a few even for decades. I hope you will find this new edition a worthy successor to earlier editions. I thinkRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words à |à 1056 Pagesbetter study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience. à » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S à » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-54086245348703931282020-05-06T00:18:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:18:13.864-07:00Theory of Innovation and Technology Management Question: The concept of innovation and entrepreneurship are probably schumpeter's most distinction contributions to economics.one of the most common themes in schumpeters writing was the role of innovation (new combination)and entrepreneurship in economic growth. critically evaluate the various dimensions of innovation and the drivers that contribute to the growth of small start up entrepreneurs Answer: Introduction Financial improvement needs feasible and spread upgrades in every family wage associated with changes in the computational structure of budgetary system towards more foremost justified even despite included things and more efficient gathering frameworks (Acs, 2004). Ambitious people can progress economic change by helping the reallocation of sources from less to all the more compelling uses by executing contrivances in the productive structure (Leibenstein, 1968) (Hausmann, 2003) and by carrying outline change (Lewis, 1954) (Gries, 2010). These positions have as of late been the purpose of a growing masterful works (Minniti, 2010). A dismissed work in this academic works is the prospective bit of business visionaries as coordinators in making nations. John Schumpeter plot a thousand years back that business visionaries are often times coordinators, giving new things and mechanical progression to business focuses, starting up new ad focuses, procedure, and thoughts, and commercializin g new information. At any rate, it is every now and again erroneously recommended that progress by specialists is less basic for progression in low-pay making nations than in more innovative budgetary strategies (Naud, 2010). A gigantic unique works has been focused on knowing the circumstances under which specialists advance, and the qualities and progression of the nation over techniques of progress (Nelson, 1993). In light of present circumstances, regardless, this academic works has been incorporated with the methodology of progress and its qualities in imaginative budgetary systems (Naud, 2010) (Naud, 2010). Entrepreneurship (Baumol, 1990), recognized that not all chance ill-use will truly be to society's most prominent playing point, and he deà ¯Ã ¬Ã ned ambitious people, generally who are innovative and inventive in the frameworks that is for their own specific achievement, energy, and reputation (Shane, 2000). Business capacities can be apportioned in frameworks that again off financial improvement. Despite the way that we perceive that the structure of a gathering can incite such a dangerous settlement of organization capacities, we will in this report be concentrating on fruitful business innovation. This contains the advancement, unmistakable confirmation, and use of positive potential conclusions inside present à ¯Ã ¬Ã rms or through improvement of new à ¯Ã ¬Ã rms to the point that contains development or the supply of new mixtures. The à ¯Ã ¬Ã rst framework concentrates on the organization work, the second on the capability of associations and the third on holder worked associations. The running viewpoint is incorporated with the fit stars that settle on key choices on theory, manufacturing, progress, zone, or investigation and improvement. This perspective of business is more far reaching than that of ambitious people who run their own specific associations. It moreover contains administrators of all inclusive à ¯Ã ¬Ã rms, state associations, or non-profit associations and a broad mixed bag of successful organization visionaries inside associations. In this viewpoint, organization is an eager trick making reference to anticipating the waves, creative energy, and imaginativeness (Lundvall, 1992). Innovation A slender technical framework concentrates specifically on thing and method redesigns, or mechanical improvement, often times said to be the outcome of data raised entrepreneurship. A more broad strategy addresses progress as the advancement of new things, new methodologies, new resources of supply, furthermore to the abuse of new advertisement focuses and the improvement of new strategies to driving force business. One can separate between more controlled changes and additionally astounding overhauls. It is vital that innovation does not simply make reference to the à ¯Ã ¬Ã rst entry of intriguing by a à ¯Ã ¬Ã rst moving organisation, moreover to the pass on of the progress to diverse stars in the monetary structure. Advancements that are new to the globe are basically found in the innovative money related structures (Fagerberg, 2005). Improvements new to the entrepreneurship in making nations make reference to the general spread and use of mechanical headway. The family unit à ¯Ã ¬Ã rm presents overhauls which have starting now been arranged someplace else, yet which are new to the business in their own particular nation. Improvements new to the à ¯Ã ¬Ã rm make reference to information à ¯Ã ¬Ã¢â¬Å¡ows inside the family unit financial system. The innovation is starting now introduce in the business focus, yet is instantly realized by a given à ¯Ã ¬Ã rm. This last considered innovation comes closest to the Rogerian considered progress (Rogers, 2003). A couple of sorts of progress that are new to little à ¯Ã ¬Ã rms in making nations may exist together with level cash related structures and upgrading creative progression holes like the general edge. Our vital speculation is in the sorts of astonishing direct that enhance budgetary expecting the waves and make up for lost time at country level. Like business, incredible adequacy has been figured in a couple of unique frameworks, using licenses, pictures, RD information, and other additional signs, for instance, journals or purposes of investment. Firms are requested whether they have shown overhauls in innovation overviews. The most progress reviews is on advances inciting new things or new amassing systems. In later years of the reviews, an individual kind of business and advancing changes is seen. Effects of innovation and entrepreneurship Nearby the customary edges, for instance, expenses, specific thing, and system, upgrades have transformed into the best approach to contenders and business accomplishment. Innovation is essential to forefront thoughts of advancement and improvement (Verspagen, 2005). Competition in the overall budgetary system has coherently been able to be learning based. In fact in apparently conventional cash related locales, for instance, fabrics, set, or sustenance dealing with advancement and specific improvement has transformed into the best approach to improvement (Mytelka, 1999). The same keeps for organisation ranges, for instance, settlement and publicising, financial courses of action, and ICT plans. Progress is similarly particularly tolerably joined up with changes in the arrangement of the money related system, particular upgrading in amassing, and moving to higher quality included exercises in worldwide worth stores. Inventive alter is epitomised in new years of supplies and gear and new years of better instructed specialists. There are moreover irrelevant progressions in thing and strategy advancement, which come to fruition due to official and nice enthusiasm for RD, limits, and at work learning (Helpman, 2004). Yet it not simply fabricates the way of cash related result, moreover the quality and characteristics of what is made. It realises a perpetually broad extent of new things or arrangements. Conclusion Entrepreneurship can accept a part in key schedules to budgetary progression. A prevalent understanding of the segments and effects of progress in making nations and the methodologies and affiliations that help or restrict advancement is the central backing of the ranges of this report. Without reducing the thriving of inconspicuous component in the diverse portions, we centre this release by accent out three general get ready (Lipsey, 2005). Innovation is key across over different nations and institutional circumstances. Nevertheless, the properties and bit of progress will change at unique periods of budgetary headway. Business visionaries in low-pay making nations give overhauls that are essential to à ¯Ã ¬Ã rm and country headway, paying little respect to the likelihood that they are directed in qualities. Progression in making nations consolidates the technique by which à ¯Ã ¬Ã rms expert and apply the style and amassing of things or organisations that are new to them (Casson, 2003). Various little progressions in thing style and quality, changes in the way gathering is sorted out, creative energy in promoting and modifications in amassing methodologies and systems site, fabricate efficiency and flexibility to react to changes in centred conditions and redesign profit and business change. Progression performs a discriminating part in get up to speed and change in a globalised economy. Regardless and huge this is a result of the different changes perceived by little association administrators in making nations. On the other hand it moreover depends on upon the activities of business visionaries in imaginative cash related structures, where changes are made that along these lines spread to making nations, to be joined in their particular common circumstances. References Fagerberg, J. D. C. M. R. R. N., 2005. The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gries, T. W. A. N., 2010. Entrepreneurship and Structural Economic Transformation. Small Business Economics Journal, 34(1), p. 1329. Hausmann, R. D. R., 2003. Economic Development as Self-Discovery. Journal of Development Economics, 72(2), p. 603633. Helpman, E., 2004. The Mystery of Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Leibenstein, H., 1968. Entrepreneurship and Development. American Economic Review, 58(2), p. 7283. Lewis, W. A., 1954. Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, Volume 22, p. 139191. Lipsey, R. G. K. I. C. C. T. B., 2005. Economic Transformations: General Purpose Technologies and Long-Term Economic Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lundvall, B. A., 1992. National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter. Minniti, M. W. A. N., 2010. What Do We Know About the Patterns and Determinants of Female Entrepreneurship Across Countries?. The European Journal of Development Research, 22(2), pp. 1-17. Mytelka, L. K., 1999. Competition, Innovation and Competitiveness in Developing Countries. Paris: OECD. Naud, W. A., 2010. Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Naud, W. A., 2010. Entrepreneurship, Developing Countries and Development Economics: New Approaches and Insights. Small Business Economics Journal, 34(1), pp. 1-12. Naud, W. A., 2010. Entrepreneurship, Global Development, and the Policy Challenge. Harvard College Economic Review, 4(2). Nelson, R., 1993. National Innovation Systems. A Comparative Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rogers, E. M., 2003. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New York: The Free Press. Shane, S. S. V., 2000. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), p. 217226. Verspagen, B., 2005. Innovation and Economic Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-69623855722554197602020-04-20T03:10:00.001-07:002020-04-20T03:10:03.196-07:00Super PACs free essay sample Super PACs or Super Political Action Committees are ââ¬Å"a type of independent political action committee which may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, and individuals but is not permitted to contribute to or coordinate directly with parties or candidatesâ⬠ââ¬âOxford Dictionaries How did Super PACs come to be? Political Action Committees have been around for decades. However, prior to 2010, PACs were only allowed to accept up to $2,500 per individual. Corporations and labor unions were NOT allowed to make contributions in any form or fashion. This money could then be given to political campaigns to be used for promoting their candidate. However two Supreme Court cases changed that in 2010. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission ruled that a television advertising for Michael Moores Fahrenheit 9/11 was legal despite Citizens Unitedââ¬â¢s protest that it unfairly and illegally advocated against the re-election of George Bush. Later that year, Speechnow. org v. We will write a custom essay sample on Super PACs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page FEC led to the ruling that the creation of independent expenditure-only groups, or Super PACs was constitutional so long as they did not coordinate directly with parties or candidates. Thus, the Super PAC was born. Who manages Super PACs? Congress, the Supreme Court and the Federal Election Commission (FEC), control super PACs. What should be done about Super PACs? Although the Supreme Court was responsible for the Citizens United case that allows Super PACs to accept unlimited sums of money, Congress has the power pass legislation that would prohibit these organizations. Furthermore the Supreme Court has the power to reverse its previous rulings in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and Speechnow. org v. FEC. Lastly, the FEC has done a poor job of enforcing the rules that are in place regarding super PACs. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-77033652217411803512020-03-15T10:30:00.001-07:002020-03-15T10:30:02.977-07:00How to Find the Capricornus ConstellationHow to Find the Capricornus Constellation The constellation Capricornus makes up a small bent-up looking pattern in the sky near the constellation Sagittarius. The stars of Capricornus are best observed in the northern hemisphere summer (southern hemisphere winter). Its one of the oldest-known constellations in the sky and has long been the celestial avatar for a sea goat.à This chart shows Capricornus as a pair of triangles connected by a long line. Look for it near Sagittarius in the skies of July through late September. Carolyn Collins Petersenà Finding Capricornus To locate Capricornus, simply look for the constellation Sagittarius. Its in the southern skies for observers located north of the equator, and higher in the northern sky for folks south of the equator. Capricornus looks very much like a squashed-looking triangle. Some charts, like the one shown here, depict it as two triangles arranged along a long line. It lies along the ecliptic, which is the path the Sun appears to take across the sky throughout the year. The Moon and planets also appear to move roughly along the ecliptic.à All About Capricornus The star pattern we call Capricornus was known to the ancients at least as far back as the Middle Bronze Age, some 20 centuries before the Common Era. The Babylonians charted the pattern as the Goat-Fish. The Greeks saw it as Amalthea, the goat that saved the life of the infant god Zeus. Over time, Capricornus was referred to more frequently as a sea goat. In China, on the other hand, the constellation was described as a tortoise, while in the South Pacific it was viewed as a cavern. The Stars of Capricornus About 20 stars make up the pattern of Capricornus. The brightest star, à ± Capricorni, is called Algedi. Its a multiple star system and its closest member is just over a hundred light-years away from us. The second-brightest star is called à ² Capricorni, or more familiarly as Dabih. Its a giant yellow-colored star and is about 340 light-years away from us. One of the more peculiar stars in Capricornus is called delta Capricorni, or Deneb Algedi, which refers to the tail of the sea-goat. The brightest star in the à ´ Capricorni multiple star system is whats known to astronomers as an eclipsing binary star. That means that one member of the star eclipses the other every so often, causing the brighter one to dim a bit. Astronomers are also intrigued by the chemical makeup of this strange star because it doesnt quite match the chemistry of other stars of its type. It also appears to rotate quite rapidly.à à The official IAU constellation region of Capricornus shows the central pattern, plus other stars within the constellation outline. IAU/Sky Publishing.à à Deep-Sky Objects in Capricornus Even though the constellation lies against near the backdrop of the plane of the Milky Way Galaxy, Capricornus doesnt have a lot of easily seen deep-sky objects. Observers with good telescopes can spy out a few very distant galaxies in its boundaries.à In our own galaxy, Capricornus contains the globular star cluster called M30. This tightly packed spherically shaped collection of stars was first observed and cataloged by Charles Messier back in 1764. Its visible through binoculars, but stargazers with a telescope see more details, and those with even larger instruments can make out individual stars in the cluster. M30 has more than a million times the mass of the Sun in its core, and stars that interact there affect each other in ways that astronomers are still working to understand. Its about 93 light-years across and is fairly close to the center of the Milky Way. A Hubble Space Telescope image of the globular cluster Messier 30 (M30) shows many stars tightly packed together at its core. This is the central region of the cluster. NASA/ESA/STScIà Globular clusters like M30 are companions to the Milky Way and contain very old stars. Some have stars much older than the galaxy itself, which indicates that they formed well before the Milky Way, perhaps more than 11 billion years ago. Globular cluster stars are what astronomers call metal-poor because they have very few of the heavier elements beyond hydrogen and helium in their atmospheres. Studying the metallicity of a star is one way to tell its age, because stars that formed early in the history of the universe, as these did, arent polluted with metals made by later generations of stars.à ï » ¿ Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-66764209639251462252020-02-28T00:56:00.001-08:002020-02-28T00:56:03.173-08:00Oil and Gas Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsOil and Gas Paper - Essay Example This mode has both advantages and disadvantages, so apt clauses have to be incorporated into the agreement, to avoid any risks. After that, Atlantic Oil has to adopt feasible and effective funding options, and also have to carry out their operations without any negative impact on the environment. Production Sharing Agreements (PSA) ââ¬â Advantages, disadvantages and Clauses A change to the dominant form of contract has occurred in the oil industry, with the previously followed concession agreement giving way to the production sharing agreement.2 Production sharing agreements (PSA) are a type of contract which is signed between the government, in this case Polenskyaââ¬â¢s government, and the oil exploration company or Atlantic Oil, regarding the extraction process and the how the extracted oil and its profits can be shared. That is, as oil and gas deposits are usually owned by the country concerned, it is common for the country to enter into a production sharing agreement with an oil company, so the specific company can do the financial investment for the extraction process, extract the oil or gas, sell it and through it recover their initial investment, and then share the production as well as the profits with the government.3 With this agreement divided into two stages, recovery period and sharing period, the produced oil is also categorized into two categories, Cost Oil and Profit Oil. The Cost oil includes the produced oil or gas, which will be sold by the company themselves to recover their investments, while with the profit oil only the government and the contractor will share the profits.4 This PSA has both advantages and at the same time inherent disadvantages. Advantages One of the main advantages that will be garnered by Atlantic oil if they enter into a production agreement with Polenskya is the high degree of fiscal stability. That is, the tax structure which is in action during the signing of the PSA, as well as the certain tax concessions gi ven to the Atlantic Oil by the government will be ââ¬Ëfuture proofââ¬â¢. Thus, any overall tax changes brought on by the government in future will have no impact on the terms of the PSA, and thereby will not negatively impact the finances of Atlantic Oil. Although, certain corporate taxes are exempt from this cover, the bottom line is PSA guarantees Atlantic Oil sizable financial stability, whatever be the changes in the external environment. ââ¬Å"The attraction of the production sharing system is that it provides the investor with a relatively stable regime in a complex and rapidly changing legal and political environment.â⬠5 The other advantage of PSA is, it will be politically and socially more acceptable to Polenskya and in turn to Atlantic Oil as well. In countries like Polenskya, where there will be skepticism and also resistance to foreign companies, due to the mindset among the people that foreign companies will exploit the resources for their own benefits, with out giving anything back to the local population.6 However, with PSA making the government the ââ¬Ëco-ownerââ¬â¢ of the operations, it will assure the people maximally and they will welcome and support Atlantic Oil completely without any apprehension of economic exploitation. Disadvantages At the same time, there are some disadvantages of this type of contract and the key one among them is the possibility of project or extraction Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-41855616573295746442020-02-11T17:41:00.001-08:002020-02-11T17:41:02.956-08:00Business Model of On-Line Retaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsBusiness Model of On-Line Retaining - Essay Example On-Line retailing business runs over the Internet through well designed user friendly portals, whereby the products & services are displayed through electronic means (like photographs, images, videos, etc.) and payments collected either electronically or using a system that accepts remote checks, wire transfers or on-delivery cash. On-line Retailing is different from the traditional business primarily from the perspective of product display, business expenses, business location, communication & customer engagement, and technology. Supply chain management of both businesses are similar with the only exception that on-line businesses have to manage their deliveries remotely and in larger geographies (even at global levels) whereas the traditional retailers may have to carry out lesser remote deliveries within a fixed locality. We hereby analyze the on-line retailing process deployed by eBay through their portal named (www.ebay.com). The process of on-line shopping starts from a search engine - either global search engines like Google, Yahoo or the search engine built within the eBay portal. Products advertised on eBay can be approached through both the mechanisms. Once the buyer reaches the on-line display of the product of c... Once the buyer reaches the on-line display of the product of choice (two or three dimensional graphics or video along with specifications, pricing details, terms & conditions, etc), he/she can evaluate the product using published specifications & pictures/videos and then open a shopping cart where the products selected for purchase can be collected. After collecting all products, the buyer can proceed for payments where the terms on eBay are electronic (credit cards or debit cards. Given that eBay is a global on-line shopping portal, they do not offer localized choices of payments. The soft products can be downloaded online and the hard products are transferred to the customer from the warehouse that is closest to the physical address of the Customer. eBay also offers international delivery of products through world class renowned courier services which is charged to the buyer at the time of purchase. [Chatpar and Venugopalan, 2007] Key Traits and Bases of success of the marketing strategy of Online Retailers The key factors of success of Online Retail businesses are the following: (a) Excellent User Friendly Portal system: eBay is one of the most user friendly on-line shopping portal of the world. The buyers are able to quickly search and select products of their choice through well deigned categorization & guidance systems and make secured & reliable payment. (www.ebay.com). (b) High Quality Customer Services: To serve their customers, eBay has on-line chat & message boards, e-mail ids through which trained customer support specialists respond quickly to address queries or grievances. Extra information on every product is available through local product catalogues whereby the products in stock exactly match the Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-32537562109041626062020-01-31T11:11:00.001-08:002020-01-31T11:11:03.836-08:00Adam Revo Relaunch Essay Example for Free Adam Revo Relaunch Essay First of all we would like to Thank ALMIGHTY, Who is the source of all our knowledge and wisdom. Then we would particularly like to thank our respected instructor Mr. Yasir Ali Somro for providing us the opportunity to look into various aspects of Marketing. His teaching is very informative and beneficial for us in future. He has been very helpful to us in making the project and in gaining further knowledge. Then thanks to our Parents, Friends and Colleagues in making of this project. Moreover we are thankful to all our group members who have coordinated and cooperated in the making of this report. 1. Company Description The group was initiated by Sir Adamjee Haji Dawood (1880-1948) who also played a vibrant role in the birth of the state of Pakistan by acting as a financial advisor and supporter to Quaid-e-Azam Mohomed Ali Jinnah-the founding father of Pakistan. Sir Adamjees role as advisor gave birth to various economic institutions; the Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB), Orient Airways, and the Morning Star newspaper. These were primarily established at the behest of Quaid-e-Azam Mohomed Ali Jinnah to win support of Muslims of Pakistan and facilitate them in migration to Pakistan during the partition of India in August 1947. Adam Motor Co., an assembler of Chinese SUVs and pickup trucks in Pakistan introduced an indigenous automobile Called the Revo. It is a 3576 mm long hatchback, powered by either a 800 cc or a 1051 cc petrol engine, sourced from Wuling in China. Otherwise the car is built from local parts. Adam Revo was a city car made by the now defunct Adam Motor Company of Pakistan. It was the first car to be designed assembled in Pakistan. The Revo is being assembled at a plant in Karachi owned by Adam Motors. And the engine and transmission systems have come from China. The company plans to make 5,000units a year 2. Reasons of failure There are some main causes of failure of this project: Political As world is a global village now so foreign brands are easily available in the market. People tend to prefer foreign companies over local companies. If you want to grow your local automotive industry then one must first give tax leverage to this industry to protect their companies or else foreign companies would run the domestic country down to nothing. Lack of Government support Former Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz inaugurated Revoââ¬â¢s plant in 2003, Aziz promised Feroz Khan, the maker of Revo, to buy his car for the government as it was the cheapest in the country. Feroz Khan did produce suffice to cater the needs of Government who decided to buy Adam Revo instead of Mehran. The government could have easily bought 5,000-10,000 cars a year but it never fulfilled its promise and that was one of the major reasons why the project collapsed. Lack of funds Due to interest of Prime Minister, Feroz Khan produces enough to carter the Government. When Government never fulfilled its promise, debt pilled up then company had to go bankrupt. There werenââ¬â¢t enough funds left to rejuvenate this company and to pay off its debt. Road grip of tires Tires used were of cheap quality, bumps and surface imperfections in the road results in inevitably reduced grip on the road which leads to a harsh ride. Speed-o-Meter People didnââ¬â¢t like cheap Speed-o-Meter of Adam Revo, which reminds drivers of 19s car. Now days where stylish cars are easily available, people didnââ¬â¢t like buying car which gives them the feel of driving any vintage car so they pay extra just to have car with a bit of pizzas by paying 45-75000 extra. Lower Quality of interior plastic The car wasnââ¬â¢t good enough. The cheap plastic interior and hideous looks were not up to the expectations of the potential buyers of car, who rather preferred a used car than an Adam Revo. No Promotions/Advertising/Marketing plan Effective way of selling your product is to advertise it through Ads, Campaign and promotions. Adam Revo didnââ¬â¢t do its advertising its product; therefore only small part of the total population was aware of Adam Revo, rest still get baffled when asked about Pakistanââ¬â¢s first car Revo. People werenââ¬â¢t aware of Adam Revo how could it have earned profit. 3. Strategic Focus and plan Mission/Vision Adam Motor Companyââ¬â¢s mission is to introduce vehicles with maximum indigenization, to price our vehicles most competitively with reliable quality, to realize highest customer satisfaction through 3S facilities, to export and to be a responsible corporate citizen. Goals Pakistani car industry to reach greater heights and eventually compete with larger car companies, within Pakistan and internationally. Core Competency and Sustainable Competitive Advantage Adam Motors believe that given the right environment and training, their people can be the best in the world. They believe that all their products must contain high indigenization, reliable quality and excellent after sale service Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration: Adam Motors will first try to capture market share by penetrating into market using Market-Penetration Strategy and to compete from well settled companiesà like SUZUKI, HONDA, TOYOTA, and CHEVERLOTE excreta. These companies are already offering good cars and have established there names in Automobile industry. To penetrate into market Adam has its advantage of low price. Its biggest competitor is Mehran (cash cow for SUZUKI) in 800cc. Adam still has 70 to 80000 price difference from it. This strategy is appropriate for Adam Motors as there is a demand and the customers are looking for bargains. Adam Revo has an affordable price which can penetrate deep into the market for middle class people. After company increase its market share company can go for Product development strategy while developing new product for potential interest to its current markets. Once company establishes its reputation it can offer a new product in a new market by using diversification strategy. Porter Generic Strategies Cost Leadership When it comes to market Revo, Overall cost leadership Strategy is appropriate for Adam Motors to gain market. Adam Motors is considered to be lowest cost producer within industry. And there advantage over Mehran makes is highly affordable for the middle class people and giving company a competitive advantage over other automobile companies. 4. Situation Analysis SWOT Analysis Strength: The only Pakistani manufacturer: The plant can produce up to 7000-10000 cars per year. Adam Revo, Pakistanââ¬â¢s first automobile manufacturing industry having largest manufacturing facilities with an annual production capacity of 70,000 ââ¬â 10,000 vehicles. The vehicles produced include cars, small vans, Pickups and Cargo vans. With proper management and effective marketing Adam Motorââ¬â¢s Revo can manufacture suffice to carter the demand and can hold more than 50% of Market Share. Low priced car. Adam Motorââ¬â¢s Revo biggest strength is its low price 70,000 to 85,000 cheaperà than Suzukiââ¬â¢s Mehran which makes this car highly affordable. With Government intervention this company can cater enough of the population. Excellence in installation of CNG kits Adam Motors have an enormous experience in the field of CNG/LPG. CNG kits installed in Adam Motors cars make it fuel efficient car with globally acclaimed CNG components installed. Impeccable increase in petrol prices is making implausible for middle class people to afford the overhauling cost of the car. Providing CNG kits will raise the bar for the industry to new greater heights. Weakness: Poor after sale service. After sales services is considered to be and integral part of customer services and a key determinant of customer satisfaction; while this may seem obvious but itââ¬â¢s not often done. Unfortunately, lack of emphasis on after sales services was observed, due to lack of resources and improper after sales services planning. Low Resale Value Revo was the Pakistanââ¬â¢s first car to make out to roads and had to face criticism. As a first company the quality of car and its parts used were not as good as it should have been which cause its unpopularity and its image had to taste dust therefore, when it comes to resale value the owner easily can lose 70,000 or more on selling. Pakistani buyers are cautious buyers who give the vehicleââ¬â¢s resale more importance. Competing in Pakistan only Growing up among some of the worldââ¬â¢s biggest company like Honda, Suzuki, and Toyota is really hard job to do. With competitor having better resources, better research facilities and established brand name, it gets hard to compete. Low consumer awareness Since advertising and promotion directly relates to consumer awareness. One of the main reasons Revo didnââ¬â¢t survived was people werenââ¬â¢t aware of theà Revo. Advertising and promotion are useful factors in creating awareness among the consumer. Unfortunately Adam Motors didnââ¬â¢t indulge themselves in of the marketing. Lack of advanced technology. Advanced technology is competitive advantage. Unfortunately Adam Motors donââ¬â¢t posses modern technology which surely is Adam Motors biggest weakness. Adam Motors is competing with companies who posses advanced technology and have moved from traditional fuel cars to hybrid and electric cars. Unattractive structure. Revo looks was a major issue for buyer. Itââ¬â¢s resembles to the three-wheeler china van. The shape of the car made it look quite ridiculous and unattractive. Poor material was been used in exterior and interior of the car. Adam Motorââ¬â¢s should have put more thought into the design and quality of the car. Opportunity: Capturing the market of low income people. Pakistanââ¬â¢s major part of population falls under category of middle class, lower middle class and lower class. To capture the people who have low purchasing power company must focus on the affordability of the product. Revo is cheap car even cheaper then Mehran. People with low income can easily afford this car and itââ¬â¢s overhauling expenses. People who have bikes and want a cheap spacious car to enjoy ride with their families can easily afford this fuel-efficient and cheap car. Enter in the market of 1300 cc cars. After getting its market share and reputation, Adam Revo can go for opportunity to capture market with 1300cc car and other models. As the only competitor in producing cheap 1300cc car is Suzuki who have been failed trying different variation in their 1300cc model cars. Large market size to operate. Demand of cheap cars in Pakistan is very high. Thereââ¬â¢s no second thought to it. Majority of Pakistanââ¬â¢s population belong to classes who can not afford luxurious cars and are interested in cheap, fuel- efficient cars. There isà big market for there car if they plan well and market there product efficiently they can target large market size. Economy of Pakistan. Growing local industry can ultimately benefit economy of Pakistan. Developing good reputation will induce other companies to make investment in Pakistan my doing joint venture production. Export Revo can also give benefit to Pakistanââ¬â¢s economy. Threats: Competitors (Pak Suzuki) Currently Pak Suzuki is largest car assembler and market leader in Pakistan automobile market. Pak Suzuki has more than 60% of the market share. Having effective after sales service and wide spread network of show rooms and EFI technology surely is Adam biggest competitor. Market perception. The perception of consumer of Adamââ¬â¢s Motors is that they provide cheap car with low quality. As long as Revo donââ¬â¢t take steps to induce people that there product are best use of their money, whatever car they come up with will not going to be accepted by the consumer. Load shedding of CNG in Pakistan. Load shedding of CNG is one of the big problems in Pakistan and company like Adam Motor who are totally dependent upon CNG as this is one of the main reason which makes this car overhauling expenses affordable. Sharp Increase in price of Raw Material. Increase in price of everything due to inflation is also a threat e. The cost raw material and labor have also increased which will result in expensive product making it unaffordable for consumer of low income. Ambiguity in political issue. In Pakistan the ambiguity in political issue is very high. Every now and then we get strangled by the strike conducted by different political parties making it very difficult for industry to match the quota. Sometimes even worker donââ¬â¢t come to work which increases the cost of production and delay in delivery. Internal Strengths and Weaknesses Offerings It offers Fuel-efficient highly affordable Chinese made engines car which are 10% to 15% cheaper than other local competitors. As demand of cheap cars is so high in Pakistan, providing cheap cars to consumer so could get their needs satisfied. Marketing: The key marketing objective of the company is to become the segment leader in 800 cc market It is the main concern to market the Adamââ¬â¢s Dreamer at an economical price, which would give a competitive edge. To duly anticipate in maintaining quality benchmark by maintaining the efficiency of automobile production unit by continuous research and development program, keeping in view the customerââ¬â¢s needs and a sound distribution system to attain the max of customer satisfaction. Adam Motor intention is to attain an increase in share of the urban population consisting of Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad as well as in rural areas of Pakistan in automobile industry. The duly purpose to attain this target by direct frontal assault on the market and to re-launch the brand on a higher scale to eliminate the resistance from small competitors and taking on competition directly. Personnel/Management Company strives for skilled entities who value time and quality as crucial assets. Finance Manufacturing Research and Development (R D) External Opportunities and Threats Consumer/Social: Today, companies recognize that they cannot appeal to each and every buyer in the market place The reason of this problem is that buyers are too numerous, too widely scattered and too much wearied in their needs and buying practices; therefore, to reach the right person who is definitely a potential customer of your product is very difficult. Competitive: For the newly launched automobile company it is very challenging to get even very small shares of the automobile market when the giants like TOYOTA, SUZUKI etc. are already capturing the major market. Paksitanââ¬â¢s first car Technological Competing with other Economic Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Known for his decisions which helps economy of the country to grow. Providing subsidy to industrial sector will definitely help industry like ADAM COMPANY to grow. This is an opportunity was the company to go for this opportunity. Legal/Regulatory Industry Analysis Competitor Analysis (Porter 5 Forces Model, Defense Strategy, Attack Strategy) Company Analysis Customer Analysis (Segmentation/Targeting) 5. Market-Product Focus Marketing and Product Objectives Target Markets The cars target audience was envisaged to be Pakistans middle class car buyer. The company had planned to export the car in the future to other countries as well. Points of Parity (POP), Points of Difference (POD) Positioning 6. Marketing Program Product Strategy/ Branding Strategy, BCG Matrix Price Strategy: The price of Adams Revo was low as compared with the competitors but the features of the car were not up to the standard of the competitors therefore to compete with the competitors it is essential for the company to change the price in order to change its design to get profits. The increase in price should be less than the competitors price in order to maintain the market reputation of having a low priced car. People were seen to be satisfied with the price of the car, however, the major reasons which caused the car to flop were the low quality, performance style as well as the lack of promotion, therefore it is required by the company to reposition its product and promote it. The repositioning of the product and the promotional advertisement will increase the cost of the car which may result in the increase of prices. The price offer by the company is almost 20% less than its major competitor Suzuki Mehran. The company can afford an increase in price to a level which is less than Mehran in order to reposition its product Promotion Strategy: For repositioning first we will redesign the promotion mix to inform customers about the attributes, features of the Adamââ¬â¢s Dreamer along with its emphasis on life style and technical expertise. Pull strategy will be used for the promotion to build up consumer demand. If the strategy is successful, customers will ask dealers for Dreamer and dealers will ask Adamââ¬â¢s Motors to produce more. Sales promotion is one of the ways to encourage sales of our new Adamââ¬â¢s Dreamer. The company can give discounts on conducting different car fairs or in the exhibitions. They can offer discounts sales to different car rental organizations or the transport departments of different companies, by doing this Dreamer can achieve road presence which can broaden the future sales of Adamââ¬â¢s Dreamer Place (Distribution Strategy): Our market segmentation reveals that The Companyââ¬â¢s product Adamââ¬â¢s DREAMER is not for the superior class, that is, upper-upper but also not for the upper-lower class of the country. The Adams Dreamer is basically for the, upper-middle class, Middle class and lower-middle class of the country The smaller areas of the country are the major place for the middle class of society. In order to reach the every middle class consumer of the country the Adamââ¬â¢s DREAMER must be available in all the seller cities of each province. Therefore Adams Dreamer dealership must be in Hyderabad,Sukkar (SINDH) Sialkot, Multan (PUNJAB) Chaman (BALOCHISTAN) Gigot (KHYBER PAKHTUNKHUA) The semi-urban cities of the country are the major place for the lower-Middleà class of society. In order to reach the every lower class consumer of the country the Adamââ¬â¢s DREAMER must be available in all the small cities of each province. Therefore Adams Dreamer must be in Rohri SINDH Okara, Sahiwal, MianwaliPUNJAB Pasheen BALOCHISTAN Abottabad KHYBER PAKHTUNKHUA 7. Implementation Company has a nonexistent demand and Latent demand. As marketing and promotion of Adam Revo was never have attempted. They share a strong need for the product which is cheap and can satisfy there needs but due non marketing strategy people were unaware of the product which causes non existent demand. 8. Evaluation and Control As per the survey done by the general public, the evaluation result was in favor of re-launching the car but there were few amendment needed to be made, for example the interior part and as well as engine including the suspension of the car. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-44111422454000566372020-01-23T07:35:00.001-08:002020-01-23T07:35:03.277-08:00The Adventures of Nigel and Corky :: essays research papers The Adventures of Nigel and Corky â⬠¦ They were on a rickety old plane that looked like I couldââ¬â¢ve been flown sometime during the fifties, everyone was snickering and making comments about it when all of a sudden the engines started to sputter and die. The engines went out and the pilot was forced into attempting a crash landing, he dint do too good and the only survivors were Nigel Frumpton, a world famous explorer and professional treasure hunter and Corky, the pilots assistant, see Corky was a little slower than normal and the only reason he worked for the pilot is because the pilot felt sorry for him. à à à à à As they gathered all the supplies that were salvageable Nigel was trying to come up with some sort a plan. After they were ready Nigel explained to Corky that they were going to continue with the expedition while looking for some sort of civilization where they could get a hold of someone to come help them. It didnââ¬â¢t really look too likely for a while because they were stranded deep in the middle of the thick jungles of South America. à à à à à They started walking north figuring they would run into something after a while but they found something all too soon. Before Nigel knew he could hear Corky yelling for help about thirty feet away from him. Corky had wandered off a little bit and walked right into a big puddle of quicksand and was slowly sinking helplessly. Nigel had the think quick so he looked for something to throw Corky, he noticed long sturdy looking vines hanging off of a tree nearby and ran over to cut a vine down to toss to Corky as a makeshift life saver. In his rush to help he didnââ¬â¢t pay much attention to what vine he was grabbing, when he reached up and grabbed onto the closest vine to him he heard a very intimidating hiss from very close. As he looked down to see what was hissing he noticed the ââ¬Å"vineâ⬠he grabbed wasnââ¬â¢t a vine at all it was a vine snake! Vine snakes are notorious for blending in with the vines of a long tree and striking on unsuspecting victims , releasing their extremely venomous poison into the victim killing them almost instantly. Nigel being the expert he was didnââ¬â¢t over react to the situation and calmly let go of the snake and at the same time quickly cut off a nearby vine from the tree and ran over to Corky, by this time he had sunk to his waistline and was getting pretty impatient with Nigel. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-14244479920196359932020-01-15T03:59:00.001-08:002020-01-15T03:59:03.544-08:00Chartered Market TechnicianChartered Market Technician (CMT) Program Level 1 Spring 2012 Reading Assignments The CMT 1 candidate is responsible for the material on a definition level. The candidate must understand the terminology used in these readings, be able to describe the concepts discussed in these readings, and be able to examine trends. The CMT Level 1 Exam measures basic, entry-level competence. The CMT 1 candidate should have a working knowledge of the basic tools of the technician. Exam time length: 2 hours Exam format: Multiple Choice Immediate scoring will be available this exams.CMT Level 1 Exam tests the candidate's knowledge of six basic areas of technical analysis: 1) Terminology of technical analysis 2) Methods of charting 3) Determination of price trends/basics of pattern recognition 4) Establishing price targets 5) Equity market analysis 6) Applying technical analysis to bonds, currencies, futures and options Listed below and on the following page are the reading assignments for the Level 1 Exam. The CMT candidate is responsible for knowing and understanding the entire list of reading assignments. ***********************************************************************************CMT Level 1 Exam Reading Assignments 1) MTA Code of Ethics (attached at the end of this document) 2) Edwards, Robert D. and Magee, John, Technical Analysis of Stock Trends, 9th Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, c2007, ISBN 0-8493-3772-0 Chapters: 1. The Technical Approach to Trading and Investing 2. Charts 3. The Dow Theory 4. The Dow Theory in Practice 5. The Dow Theoryââ¬â¢s Defects 5. 1 The Dow Theory in the 20th and 21st Centuries 6. Important Reversal Patterns 7. Important Reversal Patterns ââ¬â Continued 8. Important Reversal Patterns ââ¬â The Triangles 9.Important Reversal Patterns ââ¬â Continued 10. Other Reversal Phenomena 10. 1 Short-Term Phenomena of Potential Importance 11. Consolidation Formations 12. Gaps 13. Support and Resistance 14 . Trendlines and Channels 15. Major Trendlines 15. 1 Trading the Averages in the 21st Century 16. Technical Analysis of Commodity Charts 16. 1 Technical Analysis of Commodity Charts, Part 2 17. 2 Advancements in Investment Technology 23. Choosing and Managing High-Risk Stocks 25. Two Touchy Questions 27. Stop Orders 28. What Is A Bottom ââ¬â What Is A Top? 29. Trendlines in Action 30. Use of Support and Resistance 31.Not All in One Basket 38. Balanced and Diversified 39. Trial and Error 40. How Much Capital to Use in Trading 41. Application of Capital in Practice 42. Portfolio Risk Management 43. Stick to Your Guns Appendix ââ¬Å"Câ⬠Technical Analysis of Futures Charts 3) Kirkpatrick, Charles D. and Dahlquist, Julie R. : Technical Analysis The Complete Resource for Financial Market Technicians, Pearson Education, Inc. , Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, c. 2006, ISBN 10:0-13-153113-1 Chapters: 1. Introduction to Technical Analysis 2. The Basic Principle of Technical A nalysis ââ¬â The Trend 3. History of Technical Analysis 4.The Technical Analysis Controversy 5. An Overview of Markets 6. Dow Theory 8. Measuring Market Strength 9. Temporal Patterns and Cycles 10. Flow of Funds 11. History and Construction of Charts 12. Trends ââ¬â The Basics 14. Moving Averages 15. Bar Chart Patterns 17. Short-Term Patterns 18. Confirmation 19. Cycles 20. Elliott, Fibonacci, and Gann 21. Selection of Markets and Issues: Trading and Investing 23. Money and Risk Management Appendix ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠Basic Statistics Appendix ââ¬Å"Bâ⬠Types of Orders and Other Trader Terminology 4) Pring, Martin J. : Technical Analysis Explained, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, NY, c. 001, ISBN 007-138193-7 Chapters: 2. Financial Markets and the Business Cycle 3. Dow Theory 4. Typical Parameters for Intermediate Trends 5. Price Patterns 6. Smaller Price Patterns 7. One- and Two-Bar Price Patterns 8. Trendlines 9. Moving Averages 10. Momentum Principles 1 1. Individual Momentum Indicators I 12. Individual Momentum Indicators II 13. Candle Charts 15. Miscellaneous Techniques for Determining Trends 16. The Concept of Relative Strength 18. Price: The Major Averages 19. Price: Group Rotation 20. Time: Longer-Term Cycles 22. Volume: General Principles 23. Volume Oscillators 24. Breadth 25.Why Interest Rates Affect the Market 26. Sentiment Indicators 27. Applying Technical Analysis to the Theory of Contrary Opinion 28. Checkpoints for Identifying Primary Stock Market Peaks and Troughs 29. Automated Trading Systems 30. Technical Analysis of Global Stock Markets 31. Technical Analysis of Individual Stocks 5) Jeremy du Plessis, The Definitive Guide to Point and Figure, Harriman House LTD, 2009, ISBN 1-897-59763-0. Click on the following link to buy it at an MTA memberââ¬â¢s special discount: www. updata. co. uk/shop/mtabookoffer. asp Chapters: 1. Introduction to Point and Figure Charts 2.Characteristics and Construction 3. Understanding Po int and Figure Charts 4. Projecting Price Targets Revised November 2011 Market Technicians Association CODE OF ETHICS Amended December 2004 The Market Technicians Association has established ethical standards of professional conduct which every Member and Affiliate shall maintain. The Ethical Standards set forth in 1 through 9 serve as a guide of professional responsibility and as a benchmark for ethical judgment. 1. Members and Affiliates shall maintain at all times the highest standards of professional competence, integrity and judgment.Said standards should be maintained, and members and affiliates should act with dignity and in an ethical manner when dealing with the public, clients, prospects, employees, fellow Members and Affiliates and business associates. This ethical standard requires strict compliance with the applicable laws and regulations of any government, governmental agency and regulatory organization which has jurisdiction over the professional activities of Members and Affiliates. This same ethical standard requires that Members and Affiliates abide by the Constitution and By-Laws of the Association, and all rules promulgated by its Board of Directors.Members and Affiliates shall not unduly exploit their relationship with the Association for commercial purposes, nor use, or permit others to use, Association mailing lists for other than Association purposes. 2. Members and Affiliates shall not publish or make statements which they know or have reason to believe are inaccurate or misleading. Members and Affiliates shall avoid leading others to believe that their technically-derived views of future security price behavior reflect foreknowledge rather than estimates and projections subject to reexamination and, as events may dictate, to change. . Members and Affiliates shall not publish or make statements concerning the technical position of a security, a market or any of its components or aspects unless such statements are reasonable and consist ent in light of the available evidence and of the accumulated knowledge in the field of financial technical analysis. New methods of technical analysis and modifications of existing concepts and techniques shall be fully documented as to procedure and rationale.Proprietary methods shall not be infringed, but this standard shall be a guide in the creation of proprietary products. 4. Members and Affiliates shall not publish or make statements which indefensibly disparage and discredit the analytical work of others. 5. Members and Affiliates shall not seek, disseminate or act on the basis of material, non-public (inside) information, if to do so would violate the laws and regulations of any government, governmental agency or regulatory organization relating to the use of inside information. . Members and Affiliates shall keep in confidence knowledge concerning the lawful private affairs of both past and present clients, employers, and employerââ¬â¢s clients. 7. When a Member or Affi liate recommends that a security ought to be bought, sold or held, adequate opportunity to act on such a recommendation shall be given to the Memberââ¬â¢s or Affiliateââ¬â¢s clients, employer, and the employerââ¬â¢s clients before acting on behalf of either the Memberââ¬â¢s or Affiliateââ¬â¢s own account or the accounts of immediate family members. 8.Members and Affiliates shall not copy or deliberately use substantially the same language or analysis contained in reports, studies or writings prepared by any author unless permission to do so is received, in advance, from the author. In the event the original author is deceased, or is otherwise unavailable to grant such permission, Members and Affiliates must ensure that the original author receives prominent and adequate credit for the original work. 9. Members who have earned the CMT designation shall use CMT after their name whenever and wherever appropriate. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-69140765170296248542020-01-07T00:22:00.001-08:002020-01-07T00:22:03.780-08:00Beck s Hybrids As A Regional Family Owned Seed - 953 Words Beckââ¬â¢s Hybrids is a regional family owned seed corn company that serves farmers in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Southern Michigan, Kentucky, Iowa, Tennessee and Missouri. The main headquarters is located in Atlanta, Indiana. Beckââ¬â¢s has been in business for over 78 years. The business started in 1937 with just the family planting and harvesting the first six acre crop. At the time, Mr. Beck didnââ¬â¢t realize this launch was going to be a huge success for the second and third generations of the Beck family. Over time, the company expanded to the owner, his wife and a few farm employees. Today, Beckââ¬â¢s Hybrids has become the largest family owned seed corn business in the United States by recruiting and selecting talented people. In 1990, there were 15 full time employees and six of them were Beck family members. By 2006, there were 80 full time employees. Currently, there are over 500 full time employees. In the summer that number grows to over 700, that in cludes interns and summer help. Since 1990, their corn and soybean sales have increased 20% each year. I am going to identify the critical success factors that have made Beckââ¬â¢s Hybrids successful. People Attitudes and Actions Beckââ¬â¢s Hybrids employees are committed to the mission and attitudes and actions of the company. People with the wrong attitude are tough to manage; they consume tremendous amounts of management time and distract you from more value-adding activities (Murphy, M., 2011, p. 33). Bethany Gremel, HumanShow MoreRelatedThe Best Talent Will Ensure Future Success1936 Words à |à 8 Pagesthe right team at Beckââ¬â¢s Hybrids has led them to recruiting and selecting the right people. Beckââ¬â¢s Hybrids is a regional family owned seed corn company. The main headquarters is located in Atlanta, Indiana. Beckââ¬â¢s has been in business for over 78 years. The business started in 1937 with just family planting and harvesting the crops. At the time, Mr. Beck didnââ¬â¢t realize this launch was going to be a huge success for the second and third generations of the Beck family. Over time, the companyRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words à |à 658 Pagescrack-down: If they say ââ¬Ëweââ¬â¢re going to kill youââ¬â¢, you know what youââ¬â¢re up against. But the threats [from Londonââ¬â¢s East End drugs gangs] are much more sinister. The word is fed back that if the business is cut off, they will follow you home, go for your family, stab you or murder you.2 But Palumbo persisted in making his club a safer, cleaner environment. During the 1990s, he campaigned nationally against the use of drugs in youth venues. Thus the Ministry of Sound led in the transformation of club cultureRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 PagesMarketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-35832881764695890492019-12-29T20:46:00.001-08:002019-12-29T20:46:04.287-08:00Fear Vs Macbeth - 1147 Words ââ¬Å"Underlying the quest for power is fear, and the desire for power is to eliminate fear. The more fearful a person is the more control over their environment they believe they need to feel safeâ⬠(Robert Evans Wilson Jr.). Throughout literature and modern history, fear is used as a scapegoat for the desire of power. The acquired power acts as a safety blanket for oneââ¬â¢s deep, internal anxieties. Shakespeare demonstrates how fear becomes a driving factor in a personââ¬â¢s behavior. Macbethââ¬â¢s nature is greatly altered after the death of King Duncan provokes his desire to become king. William Goldingââ¬â¢s Lord of the Flies explains how the fear of the unknown is the source of survival instinct in everyone. The murders of Simon and Piggy bringâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Simon and Piggy are brutally murdered by the power-hungry savage, Jack Merridew. The island is never the same after their departures. Ralph reflects on how much the island has crumbled whe n hiding from Jack and his tribe of savages, The breaking of the conch and the deaths of Piggy and Simon lay over the island like a vapor. These painted savages would go further and further (Golding, 184). Both Piggy and Simon have such an important role in keeping the balance on the island. Piggyââ¬â¢s character is symbolic for knowledge and reason; Simonââ¬â¢s for faith and religion. Both of these righteous attributes are lost when the boys leave. Ralph loses all his leverage over the naive littluns when Simon and Piggy pass away. They join Jackââ¬â¢s silly tribe which leaves Ralph outnumbered and ideologically alone. Because of their departure, the basic principles of civilized life are forgotten and beastly savages take over the island. Shakespeare and Golding both emphasize the influence that characters have on the plot of the story. As soon as a significant character is taken away or changed in some way, the environment is reshaped either for better or for worse. The deaths of King Duncan, Simon, and Piggy in Macbeth and Lord of the Flies create consequences that gravely affect other characters, such as Macbeth and Ralph. The origin of delirious behavior in Macbeth and Lord of the Flies is fear. Macbeth receives a prophecy from the Three Weird Sisters alongsideShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare739 Words à |à 3 PagesShakespeareââ¬â¢s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth, the Death of King Duncan of Scotland occurred at Thane Macbethââ¬â¢s castle, Inverness, at around four in the morning in about the year 1300. Before the murder, Macbeth imagined seeing a bloody dagger floating before him, making it appear as if he was not totally sane. The reason the murder happened was because Macbeth had met three witches in the woods that prophesized to him that he would become king of Scotland. Afterwards, Macbeth sent a letter home to his wifeRead MoreMacbeth Literary Essay : Fair Is Foul And Foul Is Fair1297 Words à |à 6 PagesMacbeth Literary Essay: ââ¬Å"Fair is foul and foul is fairâ⬠In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the characters are often mislead by the impression of reality. The quote ââ¬Å"fair is foul and foul is fairâ⬠(Shakespeare 1.1.12), is said by the three witches. This quote is very significant, as it is an elaborate theme throughout the play. Also, the word fair means good, and foul means evil. Fair is foul and foul is fair is a theme that demonstrates how appearances often differs from reality. ThisRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Tragedy Of Macbeth Essay958 Words à |à 4 PagesThing That Lady Macbeth Might Have William Shakespeare had tragedy in Macbeth. Macbeth had been a Thane, which is a noble. Lady Macbeth wants to be Queen of Scotland in Macbeth wants to be king no matter what it takes Macbeth was going be king an Lady Macbeth was going to be queen. Lady Macbeth was a very strong mind person. Lady Macbeth surfed the effect of bipolar and schizophrenia. First lady Macbeth showed bipolar disorder by showing the symptoms of inflated or self-esteem grandiosity. LadyRead MoreMacbeth vs Holden1435 Words à |à 6 PagesShakespeare wrote the play Macbeth using Macbeth as a protagonist in this old English play. Holden Caulfield is also the main character in ââ¬Å"the catcher in the ryeâ⬠written by J.D Salinger. This essay will elaborate on the similarities of the characters and the difference in their individual societies. What external forces are used? Are they honest, do they lie? What kind of influence are women? I will illustrate the strategies used between the characters and different qualities they obtain. HoldenRead MoreIllusion Vs Reality : Macbeth By William Shakespeare930 Words à |à 4 Pagestend to live their lives based on false beliefs because of illusions. William Shakespeare demonstrates this theme of illusion vs. reality, and its many consequences, in his play Macbeth. Shakespeare illustrates the importance of being able to determine reality from illusions or false fronts to survival and sanity through this tragedy. In the first Act of this play, Macbeth encounters three witches who prophesy that he will be named Thane of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. The witches repeatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Macbeth 1471 Words à |à 6 PagesAbigail Castillo WHUM December 2014 Final exam Macbeth There are many conflicts found in the play Macbeth by Shakespeare both external and internal. There is man vs. society, man vs. self, man vs. man, and even man vs. supernatural. In my opinion, I believe that the central conflict in Macbethââ¬â¢s plot is man vs. self, an internal conflict. This internal conflict begins when Macbeth overhears the three witch sisters,also known as the Weird Sisters, making a prediction that one day he will be becomeRead MoreBlood in Macbeth by William Shakespeare621 Words à |à 3 Pagesevil actions such as crime or death. Macbeth uses blood as an important symbol used to illustrate the characters feelings and beliefs. One of the primary emotions in the play is guilt. Guilt is a very important emotion throughout the play because it interferes with Macbethââ¬â¢s morals and ambitions. The audience is able to relate to Macbeth throughout the play because of his guilt, despite the terrible acts that he has committed. Throughout Shakespeareââ¬â¢s play Macbeth, the reoccurring imagery of blood isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 884 Words à |à 4 PagesMacbeth Summary - Act 5 Scenes 1 - 9 Written by Josh, Corey, Sinead, Phoebe and Mason Phoebe Scene 1: So the first scene begins with a physician overseeing Lady Macbeth sleepwalking and muttering to herself while rubbing her hands, trying to remove the imaginary blood. ââ¬ËHereââ¬â¢s the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.ââ¬â¢ (Act 5 Scene 1 Lines 11-12) This line is important as it represents Lady Macbeth at war with herself and shows she will never moveRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words à |à 6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several factors contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his ââ¬Å"inner ambitions and external urgingsâ⬠which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The ââ¬Å"external urgingsâ⬠consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophe cies, which enlightenRead MoreEssay on Evil Is an Illness in Shakespeares MacBeth542 Words à |à 3 Pagesthrough Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Macbeth to see how Shakespeare proves this to be true. While Macbethââ¬â¢s power expands, his physical illness shows his evilness. Lady Macbethââ¬â¢s increasing physical illness represents her growing guilt. As evil and guilt appear more and more, it makes clear the decrease in mental stability. By examining illness, one can determine that physical illness is a metaphor for the illness of their minds. Evil is shown to get the best of Macbeth as he gains power. Macbeth begins to turn away Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-39959213376712003172019-12-21T16:34:00.001-08:002019-12-21T16:34:02.742-08:00The Collapse Of The Mill Factory Collapsed Essay - 1556 Words 24 April 2013, over 1,100 factory workers died when the Rana Plaza factory collapsed. The day before the collapse workers noticed cracks had appeared on the third floor and the factory was closed for the afternoon. The night before the building collapsed the owner of the factory Rana went on the news declaring the building was safe despite reports from engineers, which warned against entering the building. The following morning the banks and other retail stores located on the bottom floor of the building were closed and only the garment factory levels were open. Garment workers who remained outside the factory who were scared to enter the building were told if they didnââ¬â¢t enter the building they would be fired and that they wouldnââ¬â¢t be able to get work anywhere else (McClearn, 2013). Police officials arrived at the factory and told those who were not compliant to enter the building. The building, which was only designed to be 5 floors high and originally intended as a retail center had three floors added illegally and was not structurally able to hold the weight of the heavy machines and thousands of workers. At 8:45 there was a power cut and the generators were turned on. The immense vibrating from the generator shook the already weakened structure causing the building to collapse. The overall disaster caused the death of over 1100 factory workers and severely injuring over 2000 more. The incident was the most deadly garment factory accident in the world this causedShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution Of Philadelphia1524 Words à |à 7 PagesINTRODUCTION: April 8, 2012 was the Sunday that Easter was celebrated that year. This date will also be forever remembered as the day that Lieutenant Robert Neary and Firefighter Daniel Sweeney lost their lives at the Thomas Buck Hosiery Factory fire in Philadelphia, PA. Since William Penn first founded the city of Philadelphia in 1682, it has been an evolving and growing city, from a 17th centuryRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Bangladesh Textile Industry Disaster2546 Words à |à 11 Pagesproject management by suggesting ideas, which they donââ¬â¢t want. â⬠¢ Involvement in situation with conflict of interest. Bangladesh Textile Industry Collapse: The collapse of the Rana Plaza building is, till date considered the deadliest disaster in the history of the garment industry worldwide. 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This experience led to his first work, ââ¬Å"The Condition of the Working Class in England.â⬠It wasnââ¬â¢t until 1847 that Marx and Engels collaborated on the ââ¬Å"Communist Manifesto.â⬠(Britanica) The point of the Communist Manifesto was to present a way toRead MoreCase Law Nebosh1198 Words à |à 5 Pagesperson the statute was intended to protect - The type of injury was one the statute was intended to protect - Case ââ¬â Edwards Vs National Coal Board Relevance - Reasonably Practicable Details - Edwards slipped when a section of roadway collapsed - NCB agreed that the cost of *** up would have been prohibitive (was not justified) - NCB were found liable as cost of making safe was not great when compared to the risk Reasonably practicable - The quantum of risk should be applied in determiningRead MoreJustice Is The Standard Of True Justice1762 Words à |à 8 Pagesfocus on the second principle. 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This supports the notion Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-32431550181269577492019-12-13T13:05:00.001-08:002019-12-13T13:05:02.778-08:00You Are What You Eat Free Essays A common phrase in todayââ¬â¢s society is ââ¬Å"You are what you eat. â⬠To people today, the phrase means everyone is made up of junk food and immense amounts of sugar, but what would the phrase mean to the people of the Elizabethan Era? Even though people in the Elizabethan Era ate sugars and sweets, one did not eat as much. The people of the Elizabethan Era ate immense amounts of meat as we do sugar; hence, to add to the statement ââ¬Å"You are what you eat,â⬠people of the Elizabethan Era would most likely be meat and a lot of vegetables. We will write a custom essay sample on You Are What You Eat or any similar topic only for you Order Now The diet of the Elizabethan Era was made up of three main meals. Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day. Breakfast can either start oneââ¬â¢s day off great, or one could start off their day in a bad mood if one doesnââ¬â¢t get the jump start from breakfast. Today many people have cereal or pop a piece of toast in the oven for breakfast; however, in the Elizabethan Era breakfast took more time and was considered an elegant meal (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Foodâ⬠). The people of the Elizabethan Era ate many of the same things for breakfast as we do today. For example one in the Elizabethan Era would have eaten pancakes, bread, porridge, butter, or eggs for breakfast (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Food and Drinkâ⬠). The author of Elizabethan Food and Drink website writes: Eggs were also eaten at breakfast. They were eaten ââ¬Å"sunny side upâ⬠or beaten to make scrambled eggs. They were also mixed with bread crumbs to fry things such as fish. Another popular food for breakfast was pancakes, which were made from flour and egg batter. They were a treat for Sunday mornings. Elizabethans usually put jams such as grape, strawberry, and sometimes powdered sugar on them for a sweeter taste. ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Food and Drinkâ⬠) Today eggs are eaten as a side item to the main dish; instead, in the Elizabethan Era eggs were many times eaten as the main dish. In comparison to having a healthy breakfast such as eggs, many people ate pancakes on Sunday for a treat (ââ¬Å"The Elegance in Every Elizabethan Foodâ⬠). Just as some people do today, powdered sugar was put on the pancakes. Manchet was also eaten at the morning meal. Manchet is a roll or small loaf of white bread made of the finest wheat flour. Manchet was mainly eaten by the rich and royalty; however, the poor did have manchet on special occasions (ââ¬Å"The Elegance in Every Elizabethan Foodâ⬠). Manchet was often eaten with butter to add flavor. Butter was very common in the Elizabethan Era (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Era Diet-An Overviewâ⬠). The second meal of the day is dinner. Today many people call this meal lunch. Dinner was served at 10:00 a. m. and lasted till 12:00 p. m. The men ate first at 10:00 a. m. ; furthermore, the women ate at 11:00 a. m. The rich had servants to not only serve the food, but also to hand feed the food to them. Dinner was a lighter version of supper. ââ¬Å"Elizabethan dinner usually consisted of several kinds of fish, half a dozen different kinds of game, venison, various salads, vegetables, sweet meats, and fruits. â⬠(ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Food and Drinkâ⬠). In the same way in which we use forks and knifes today so did the people in the Elizabethan Era. Utensils in the Elizabethan Era were forks, knifes, ladles, and spoons (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Food and Drinkâ⬠). The fork and spoon were used during meals just like in todayââ¬â¢s meals. ââ¬Å"The knife and ladle were the main food preparing utensilsâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Foodâ⬠). The ladle was used to scoop soup and many other foods. The knife was used to cut food; hence, the knife has the same purpose today. Finally the last meal of the day is supper. The last meal of the day started at 2:00 p. m. and ended at 3:00 p. m. (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan England Lifeâ⬠). At supper the women ate first at promptly 2:00 p. m. and the men started eating at 2:30 p. m. Just like dinner, the rich had their food served and fed to them. Food served at dinner included heavy meats, soup, wine, vegetables, and some fruit (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Englandâ⬠). The meat served at dinner included ham, turkey, and cow (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Foodâ⬠). These were the most common meats and the easiest meats to keep in storage. The soups served at dinner were considered light and were used to wash food down to oneââ¬â¢s stomach (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Era Dietâ⬠). Vegetables were basically the same as todayââ¬â¢s vegetables except the vegetables didnââ¬â¢t come in a can. Finally, the fruit was all home grown and didnââ¬â¢t have artificial sweetener. In addition to the main course, one had a drink or beverage. The most common drink was wine. The rich had wine with every meal except breakfast and the poor had wine with special meals (Elizabethan Food). Wine was homemade and the rich bought their wine from farmers. Likewise to todayââ¬â¢s society there are always new foods being discovered. In the Elizabethan Era many new types of food were being discovered. New toppings included butter, strawberries, and powdered sugar (ââ¬Å"Elizabethan Diet an Overviewâ⬠). New drinks included milk and fruit juices. These toppings and drinks were considered a delicacy; therefore, only the rich had these foods and drinks on a regular basis. Over the years, food evolves along with everything else in the world, but the heart of the daily meals has always been the same. The diet of the Elizabethan Era consists of the three main meals. The first meal of the day is breakfast. The second meal of the day was called dinner. Finally the third meal of the day was called supper. These meals make up the diet of the Elizabethan Era. The phrase ââ¬Å"You are what you eatâ⬠really has changed over the years; just imagine what people will think when this phrase is said twenty years from now. How to cite You Are What You Eat, Essay examples You Are What You Eat Free Essays Lauren McFall Mr. Gossett English 10H-4 March 17, 2008 You are What You Eat Throughout the past twenty years, obesity in the United States has drastically increased. Currently, one-hundred and seventeen billion people in the United States are obese. We will write a custom essay sample on You Are What You Eat or any similar topic only for you Order Now Out of those people, three-hundred thousand people die each year because of complications due to being over-weight. One out of every four children in the average school in the United States is over-weight. In an effort to combat this growing obesity epidemic, concerned members of the school community have petitioned the GRCSS School Board, recommending that high-calorie beverages in school vending machines and high-fat-content food items currently available from the hot-lunch menu be replaced by more healthful alternatives. Admittedly, one concern is that many schools have a hard time budgeting this kind of substitution. Healthful foods are currently more expensive for schools to provide, and also, schools worry that children who are addicted to eating their high-fat junk food will not buy healthful foods if they substitute them, decreasing income used for extra-curricular activities, sports, clubs and more. It is also true, of course, that some students will instead, bring in their own junk-food and high-calorie beverages from home. These concerns for altering the hot-lunch menu are genuine. However, if high-calorie beverages and foods in schools are replaced with more healthful alternatives, some children will establish more healthful eating habits at young ages, and carry that over with them into adult-hood. Schools that have made the switch have said, ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s not true that children will only eat junk, they just need healthier choices. And granted the school may suffer financially, a school free of vending machines and fast food in the cafeteria values the well-being of their students. Another reason this switch could be beneficial is because research has shown that the high sugars in soda can be linked to hyperactivity, anxiety and difficulty concentrating. Children who eat junk food and drink regular soda are not getting essential vitamins and nutrients, decreasing the efficiency and effectiveness of their education in the classroom. Those students who take in their daily amounts of fruits and vegetables, and eat overall healthier meals, will feel better and have greater intentness in the classroom. Clearly, then, it is in the best interest of the students of schools that high-calorie beverages in vending machines and high-fat-content food be eliminated from hot-lunch menus. Not only will it establish more healthful eating habits in young-adults, but it will hopefully also limit the sickening statistics of obesity in our country. How to cite You Are What You Eat, Papers Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-50686889231643936022019-12-05T09:24:00.001-08:002019-12-05T09:24:03.979-08:00Internal Control Audit and Compliance System â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Internal Control Audit and Compliance System. Answer: Introduction: Control practices in an organisation are the process which helps to maintain the efficiency and effectiveness in the reporting structure. The controls also help the management keep a check on each and every aspect of the organisation. Having strong internal control system helps eliminate the possibility of mistakes in accounting and also helps to keep a check on the resources of the organisation. The control system helps to identify the problem, solve the problem and make sure the problems do not recur in future. In our discussion below, we will discuss the controls required to be made on cash and cash transactions. (Trenerry, n.d.) As provide in the question, we see that Sarah runs a fruit stall in the local market and deals with cash transactions only. The cash box is accessible to all the staff members so that they can keep the sale proceeds safely. Sarah has now appointed a new staff member who works on weekends. She now thinks that the daily amount banked has decreased. She wants to know the control measures she can apply in her stall in relation to the cash. (Arwinge, 2013) In order to provide a proper control system for cash, Sarah first needs to understand the problems she has been facing. She needs to first analyse the situation and check if there exists a real problem or not. Therefore, we see that the daily amount which used to be reported before appointing new staff has relatively decreased, even when there have been no changes in sales. We can now say that there is a problem, and now we need to move towards next step which is problem solving. (Pfister, 2011) In order to solve the problem we are required to follow the following steps of internal control: Identification of the problem Analysing the problem Checking and formulation of various alternative solutions Evaluating these solutions Choose the best available option Moving towards the first step, identification of the problem, we can say that the problem has been identified. The real problem in the given case is that there are no control measures over cash. The cash is easily accessible to any employee, and there is no person responsible who can be held accountable for the misplacement of the same. (Graham, n.d.)We need to find measures to control these issues. We now need to further analyse the given problem, so that once a solution is found, measures to prevent the same problem to arise in the future can be taken. Cash transactions are hard to have control over and especially when the frequency of these transactions is very high. Cash is the easiest part of the organisation, which can easily be harmed. In order to prevent the mismanagement of the cash, steps are required to be taken so that accountability and responsibility can be tagged to somebody. (Graham, 2008) In order to prevent the mismanagement of cash, Sarah can provide individual cash boxes to each of her employees which can be accessible by only them. No other employee can access the cash box of other staff. Sarah can also conduct a thorough background check of the employees before hiring them. Sarah can also follow the buddy system while transferring cash. Different employees for different shifts can be made responsible. One particular person can be hired to manage the cash only, which shall be responsible to collect and pay the cash. Proper registers for cash sales are also required to be made. In order to double check the sales figures, the changes made in inventory can be compared with cash collected. She needs to conduct surprise checks for cash and check if proper entries for cash are being made or not. These were the list of options that can be adopted by Sarah. She now needs to check which options are feasible for application and can easily be executed. Sarah should go though each option separately, also she has to check the application of these. Of all the options available for Sarah to choose, she can easily implement the option of separate lockers, spate cashier, proper registers and surprise checks. Therefore, we see that there are a lot of solution that can be adopted by Sarah in order to minimise the risk of losing cash in her business. Also, if she thinks that cash flows have decreased after the joining of the new staff, she can keep a check on the staff herself. Diving of responsibility will help her understand the efficiency of employees too on an individual basis. This will also help her improve the operational efficiency and generate more revenues. References Arwinge, O. (2013).Internal control. Berlin: Springer. Graham, L. (2008).Internal controls. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Graham, L. (n.d.).Internal control audit and compliance. Pfister, J. (2011).Managing organizational culture for effective internal control. Berlin: Physica-Verl. Trenerry, A. (n.d.).Principles of internal control. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-67661040537967536632019-11-28T13:22:00.001-08:002019-11-28T13:22:04.186-08:00Bless Me Ultima Paper Essay ExampleBless Me Ultima Paper Essay Good vs. Evil According to Wikipedia, ââ¬Å"In religion, ethics, and philosophy, the dichotomy ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠refers to the location on a linear spectrum of objects, desires, or behaviors, the good direction being morally positive, and the evil direction morally negativeâ⬠(Wikipedia, Good and Evil). The archetype ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠had a significant influence on many Chicano literary works and today is one of the most common themes found within Chicano Literature. In the following paper I am going to explain how the role of ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evil was personified in the Chicano works of Bless Me Ultima, The House on Mango Street, and in He Was On of Those Special Ones, She Said. The theme of ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠played an important role in the novel Bless Me, Ultima, by Rudolfo Anaya. The most notable representation of ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠in the novel is characterized by struggle between Ultima and Tenorio. Right from the start, Ultima is displayed as being morally sound and wholesome. For example, Maria says, ââ¬Å"I am grateful, perhaps we can repay a little of the kindness la Grande has given to so manyâ⬠(Anaya 4). This image of Ultima representing ââ¬Å"Goodnessâ⬠and morality continues throughout the novel. She acts as the defender of her community by saving people suffering from curses of black magic and by ridding evil from the community. One prime example of this occurred in the chapter ââ¬Å"Diezâ⬠. In this chapter, Ultima saves Antonioââ¬â¢s uncle Lucas from near death after he is afflicted with an evil curse. Tenorio, on the other hand, is displayed as being sheer evil and morally depraved and wicked. We will write a custom essay sample on Bless Me Ultima Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bless Me Ultima Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bless Me Ultima Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tenorio, along with his witchcraft practicing daughters, represent the ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠side of the archetype and take their place, as Ultimaââ¬â¢s arch-nemesisââ¬â¢s throughout the novel. Together they wreak havoc on the community by casting curses on innocent townsfolk and by indulging in satanic rituals, murder, and violence. The battle between these opposing characters continues for the majority of the novels plot. Even though both Ultima and Tenorio die at the end of the novel, their themes of ââ¬Å"Goodnessâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Evilnessâ⬠are maintained. Another representation of ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠in Bless, Me Ultima is symbolized by the owl and by the coyotes. The owl, which is a symbol for ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠, acts as the protector of Ultima and plays an important role throughout the book. The symbolic importance of the owl is first displayed at the beginning of the novel. Antonio says, ââ¬Å"I dreamed of the owl that night, and my dream was good. In my dream I saw Ultimaââ¬â¢s owl lift la Virgen on her wide wings and fly her to heaven. Then the owl returned and gathered up all the babes of Limbo and flew them up to the clouds of heaven. The Virgin smiled at the goodness of the owlâ⬠(Anaya 14). To Tony the owl symbolizes ââ¬Å"Goodnessâ⬠and protection. Another example of the ââ¬Å"Goodnessâ⬠of the owl was displayed in the chapter ââ¬Å"Doceâ⬠when Tenorio, along with his drunken mob, came to seek revenge on Ultima for supposedly being a bruja and causing the death of his daughter. The owl first warns Ultima and Antonioââ¬â¢s family of the approaching mob and then protects Ultima by attacking Tenario. Antonio says, ââ¬Å"There was a rustling and whirling of wings above us, and all the men ducked and held their hands up to protect themselves from the attack. But the owl sought only one man, and found him. It hurled itself on Tenorio, and the sharp talons gouged out one eye from the face of the evil man (Anaya 140). One final example of the owls ââ¬Å"Goodnessâ⬠occurred at the end of the novel when Antonio is almost killed by Tenorio. Right before Tenorio fires his gun to kill Antonio the owl attacks him causing him to miss. The owl (Ultima) saves Antonioââ¬â¢s life. The coyotes, on the other hand, represent the ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠side of the ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠archetype in the novel. The coyotes appear in the chapter ââ¬Å"Diezâ⬠while Ultima is attempting to rid Antonioââ¬â¢s uncle from the curse placed onto him by Tenorioââ¬â¢s evil daughters. Antonio states, ââ¬Å"The cry of coyotes sounded outside. Their laughter-cry sounded directly outside the small window of the room. I shivered. Their claws scratched at the adobe walls of the houseâ⬠(Anaya 103). It is common knowledge that when brujas want to travel they often change into owls or coyotes (Ralph1612). In this case the coyotes represented the animal form of Tenorioââ¬â¢s bruja daughters. After hearing the evil coyotes Ultimaââ¬â¢s owl attacked them causing them to run off. Antonio says, ââ¬Å"Then I heard it. It was the call of Ultimaââ¬â¢s owl. O-oooo-ooo, it shrieked into the wind, dove and pounced on the coyotes. Her sharp claws found flesh because the evil laughter of the coyotes changed to cries of painâ⬠(Anaya 103). As you can see, the clash between these two animals represents the clash between ââ¬Å"Good and Evilâ⬠. Rudolfo Anaya also used specific settings or locations to represent ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠within Bless Me, Ultima. The local whorehouse, Rosieââ¬â¢s, is an example of Evil side of the archetype. To Antonio, Rosieââ¬â¢s was the root of his brotherââ¬â¢s sins and represented nothing but ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠. For example, in the chapter ââ¬Å"Treceâ⬠, Narciso went to Rosieââ¬â¢s to warn Andrew about Tenario. Antonio followed him there and was disappointed to discover his brother at such an ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠place. Antonio says, ââ¬Å"I wanted to hate Andrew for being with the bad women, but I could notâ⬠(Anaya 173). Antonioââ¬â¢s house, on the other hand, was a representation of the ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠side of the archetype. To him, his house and the people within it provided him with warmth and safety. His father provided protection, his mother provided a feeling of warmth and love, Ultima provided emotional support when traumatic experiences arose, and the Virgin Mary statue provided a feeling of closeness to God. Antonio provided evidence regarding the importance of his house in the chapter ââ¬Å"Treceâ⬠. After discovering Andrew at Rosieââ¬â¢s Antonio says, ââ¬Å"I wanted to be home, where it was warm and safeâ⬠(Anaya 173). The final major representation of ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠within the novel was the Virgin Mary Statue that kept reappearing. One instance of Antonio referencing the Virgin Mary Statue occurred while he was at his first communion. Antonio says, ââ¬Å"She was smiling, her outstretched arms offering forgiveness to allâ⬠(Anaya 235 ). When Antonio got his first communion he expected that he would have the power to communicate directly with God. Unfortunately, his expectations were not met resulting in a feeling of sad emptiness. It is at this time when Tony turned to the Virgin Mary Statue, which seemed to give him strength and make him feel better. The theme of ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠also played an important role in the novel The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros. One of the most notable instances of the ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠side of the archetype being displayed occurred in the chapter ââ¬Å"The First Jobâ⬠. This chapter covers Esperanzaââ¬â¢s first day working at a new job. After befriending an elderly oriental man she is tricked into giving him a friendly kiss on the cheek, which turns harmful when he takes advantage of the situation and kisses her on the lips. In this example, ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠is displayed through the manââ¬â¢s sexual exploitation of Esperanza. Mistreating women this way is considered immoral for most cultures and thus is ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠. Another representation of the Evil side of the archetype occurred in the chapter ââ¬Å"The Earl of Tennesseeâ⬠. This chapter tells a story of a lonely man named Earl who lives in Esperanzaââ¬â¢s neighborhood. Earl is supposedly married man but no one is the neighborhood can seem to agree on what his wife looks like. Ezperanza says, ââ¬Å"We never agree on what she looks like, but we do know this. Whenever she arrives, he holds her tight by the crook of the arm. They walk fast into the apartment, lock the door behind them and never stay longâ⬠(Cisneros 71). This section displays the ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠side of the ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠archetype. It is obvious that Earl is being sexually mischievous and exploiting women for sex. For Ezperanza and her tightly knit religious community such behavior is viewed unthinkable and extremely immoral. Ezperanza lives in neighborhood populated heavily with Mexican immigrants. Roman Catholicism is known as the dominant religion in Mexico and is reflective of Mexicoââ¬â¢s religious and historical past. According to the website, World Savvy, ââ¬Å"Roman Catholicismà continues to be the dominant religion in Mexico today, at nearly 89%â⬠(Monitor). The Roman Catholic Church views sexual promiscuity and the exploitation of women as sinful. Because of this, Earlââ¬â¢s behavior represents ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠. The ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠aspect of the ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠archetype is also displayed in this coming of age novel. One of the most notable instances of the ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠aspect of the archetype occurred in the chapter ââ¬Å"Four Skinny Treesâ⬠. In this chapter Ezperanza describes the importance of the four skinny trees that grow in her front yard. Ezperanza says, ââ¬Å"Four skinny trees with skinny necks and pointy elbows like mine. Four who do not belong here but are here. Their strength is secret. They send ferocious roots beneath the ground. They grow hairy toes and bite the sky with violent teeth and never quit their anger. This is how they keepâ⬠(Cisneros 74). The trees in this chapter are a symbol of Good. To Ezperanza they represent strength and power. They are able to continue growing despite their flaws and unsupportive environment. To Ezperanza they symbolize her life and her drive to succeed despite an unaccommodating environment. A second instance of the ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠aspect of the archetype was displayed in the chapter ââ¬Å"A House of My Ownâ⬠. In this chapter Ezperanza declares her deep desire to one day own her own house. Ezperanza says, ââ¬Å"Not a flat. Not an apartment in back. Not a manââ¬â¢s house. Not daddyââ¬â¢s. A house all my ownâ⬠(Cisneros 108). The house represents ââ¬Å"Goodnessâ⬠. It represents happiness and the achievement of something she once thought was impossible. The theme of ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evilâ⬠also played an important role in the poem He was one of those special ones, She said, by Ines Hernandez. This poem is written from the perspective of a young woman and describes a reckless sexual encounter that she once had with a man. The poem represents the ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠side of the archetype in two different ways. The sexual encounter that occurred between the pair is the first instance of ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠. The woman says, ââ¬Å"I knew he would have me find the curve in the hill to fit my body into, reckless, strolling, motionâ⬠(Hernandez). Sexual promiscuity of this sort is viewed as immoral by the Catholic Church and in the eyes of God. Such behavior is viewed as wantonly destructive and morally bad and as a result fits into the ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠aspect of the archetype. The mans inconsiderate sexual exploitation of the girl was also a representation of the ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠aspect of the archetype. In the poem the woman says, ââ¬Å"He has a way about him thatââ¬â¢s for sure, she said. Can make you stop what youââ¬â¢re doing at a momentââ¬â¢s noticeâ⬠(Hernandez). This excerpt shows that the man was the power figure in the relationship. He was the one that instigated the meeting and the sexual events that occurred. It was intrinsically corrupted, selfish, and ââ¬Å"Evilâ⬠for the man to use his charm and charisma to violate the young innocent woman. The archetype ââ¬Å"Good vs. Evil played a huge role in the literary works of Bless Me Ultima, The House on Mango Street, and in He Was One of Those Special Ones, She Said. In Bless Me, Ultima Rudolfo was able to use this literary theme to characterize the struggle between Ultima and Tenorio and also to display the importance of Holy and Sinful influences and how they affected Antonio as he came of age. In The House on Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros was able to us this theme as a tool to give the reader a glimpse into the struggles that many Mexican Americanââ¬â¢s and Mexican immigrants go through. She also used the theme to inspire immigrants in similar situations and to inscribe the notion that it is possible to grow up and succeed even if you come from a humble beginning. Finally in He Was One of Those Special Ones, She Said, Ines Hernandez used the theme to represent the promiscuous and sometimes forced sexual experiences that many young Chicana women go through as they come of age. It is important to understand that many Chicano authors use this literary theme to express themselves along with influences from their cultures. This is why it is important to use the Intersectionality Lens of Analysis while reading Chicano Literature Works Cited Anaya, Rudolfo. Bless Me, Ultima. New York: Time Warner Company, 1999. Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintige Books, 1984. Hernandez, Ines. He Was One of Those Special Ones, She Said. n. d. Monitor, World Savvy. Mexico. 20 10 2012. 2012 lt;http://worldsavvy. org/monitor/index. php? option=com_contentamp;view=articleamp;id=648amp;Itemid=1118gt;. Ralph1612. Bless Me Ultima. lt;http://bookstove. com/drama/bless-me-ultima/gt;. WikiPedia. Chicano literature. 18 3 2012. 23 10 2012 lt;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chicano_literaturegt;. Wikipedia. Evil. 22 10 2012. 2012 lt;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Evilgt;. ââ¬â. Good and Evil. 4 2011. 23 10 2012 lt;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Good_and_evilgt;. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-28290018432764120422019-11-24T20:56:00.001-08:002019-11-24T20:56:03.972-08:00Buonaparte - Relationship of Bonaparte and BuonaparteBuonaparte - Relationship of Bonaparte and Buonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte was born as Napoleone Buonaparte, the second son of a Corsican family with dual Italian heritage: his father Carlo descended from Francesco Buonaparte, a Florentine who had emigrated in the mid-sixteenth century. Napoleons mother was a Ramolino, a family who arrived in Corsica c. 1500. For a while, Carlo, his wife, and their children were all Buonapartes, but history records the great emperor as being Bonaparte. Why? A growing French influence on both Corsica and the family caused them to adopt the French version of their name: Bonaparte. The future emperor changed his first name too, to just Napoleon. French Influence France gained control of Corsica in 1768, sending an army and a governor who would both play key roles in Napoleons life. Carlo certainly became close friends with the Comte de Marbeuf, the French ruler of Corsica, and fought to send the elder children to be educated in France so they could rise up the ranks of the much larger, richer and more powerful French world; however, their surnames remained almost wholly Buonaparte. It was only in 1793 that the use of Bonaparte begins to grow in frequency, thanks largely to Napoleons failure in Corsican politics and the familys consequent flight to France, where they initially lived in poverty. Napoleon was now a member of the French military, but had managed to a return to Corsica and involved himself in the power struggles of the area. Unlike his later career, things went badly, and the French army (and the French mainland) were soon their new home. Napoleon soon found success, first as an artillery commander in the siege of Toulon and the creation of the ruling Directory, and then in the triumphant Italian Campaign of 1795-6, whereupon he changed almost permanently to Bonaparte. It was clear at this point that the French military was his future, if not the government of France, and a French name would aid this: people could still be suspicious of foreigners (as they still tend to be.) Other members of his family followed as their lives became intertwined with the high-politics of France, and soon the newly named Bonaparte family ruled vast areas of Europe. Political Motivations The changing of the family name from Italian to French seems clearly political in retrospect: as members of an up-and-coming dynasty who ruled France, it made perfect sense to appear French and adopt French affectations. However, theres debate over the scant evidence, and its possible there wasnt a deliberate, family-wide, decision to rename themselves, just the constant and subversive effects of living among French culture working to lead them all to change. Carlos death in 1785, well before the use of Bonaparte became even remotely common, may also have been an enabling factor: they could well have stayed Buonaparte if he had still been alive.ââ¬â¹ Readers may wish to note that a similar process happened to the Buonaparte childrens first names: Joseph was born Giuseppe, Napoleon was Napoleone and so on. Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4327159151925038896.post-2182547123637187102019-11-21T08:14:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:14:15.793-08:00A sociological analysis of how family life may influence dependent EssayA sociological analysis of how family life may influence dependent childrens opportunities to develop their sporting potential - Essay Example It is a part of common knowledge that child starts his initial stage of learning in his family. A dependent child lacks the healthy family backgrounds and natural surroundings that facilitate gradual development in various skills. The feeling of surety and care help the child to generate the status of mental and physical fitness. Dependent children are prevented from experiencing love, protection, tenderness, co-operation and self respect. It results severe development problems for those children. Both mental and physical fitness is essential for the structured development of sporting potential. The life of dependent child arises some questions about the process of natural growth having care, encouragement and motivation. Even though, parents may feel initially it is good to be needed, then this can change in to an exhausting way. A childââ¬â¢s dependent status always based on his own decisions and the chance of revision and modification are impossible. ââ¬Å"A dependent child is vulnerable to exploitation and revictimization because he/she has a tendency to attach to anyone who he/she feels attends to their physical or emotional needsâ⬠(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Urquiza & Winn, 1994). A dependent child faces his life not very seriously. ... good structure of communication between the athletes and these families during games and education of the families on how to be a resource for the athletes helped athletes to enjoy their familyââ¬â¢s support (Jowett, S., Lavallee, D. & Lavallee, D. 2007, p. 239). Noemie P. Beaulieu makes relevant studies in the field of the development problems among the dependent children. Author argues that dependent children often subjected to less sporting potential and are less likely to engage organized sports activities. Author observes; ââ¬Å"This condition makes field-dependent children have a less positive experience in learning new sports skills for which they are usually unaware of the inherent relationship at the beginning stage of learningâ⬠(Beaulieu, 2008, p. 173). Consequently, these children have faced various problems in various fields such as less capacity in sports skills, low level physical fitness and poor confidence level. Psychological theories like social learning t heory and cognitive theory highlights the process of behavior formation of a child through imitation and continuous observation. Family life and experiences have a significant role in providing opportunities for young children to develop sporting spirits. ââ¬Å"Sport can contribute significantly to international, national and local efforts to give children a healthy startâ⬠(Sport for children and youth, n. d. p.80). Family atmosphere of a child provides motivation and encouragement for children in practicing various activities. In case of a dependent child, it is clear that he lacks the care and attention of his real parents. Here, his life lacks encouragement and frequent emotional support. It clearly affects the development of his sporting potential. Parents in many families have given attention in Jeffrey Crawfordhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05714916164427688197noreply@blogger.com0